Interest in the olive leaf and its chemical constituents has recently been increasing. Its benefits, however, have been known for centuries, and it has been traditionally used to prevent and treat diseases. The main constituent of the olive leaves is oleuropeine one of iridoide monoterpenes, which is thought to be responsible for pharmacological effects. Furthermore, the olive leaves contain triterpenes including oleanolic and maslinic acid, flavonoides (luteolin, apigenine, rutin...), and chalcones (olivin, olivin-diglucoside). Its chemical content makes olive leaf one of the most potent natural antioxidant. Olive leaf is used to enhance the immune system, as an antimicrobial and in heart disease. Folk medicine uses also include hypertonia, arteriosclerosis, rheumatism, gout, diabetes mellitus, and fever. Recently, experimental animal studies have demonstrated hypoglycemic, hypotensive, antiarrhythmic, and vasodilator effects, as well as spasmolytic effect on the intestinal smooth muscle. Antibacterial, antiviral and antiinflammatory activity were also confirmed. The beneficial properties of olive leaf are further enhanced by the bioavailability of its polyphenolic constituents, which are readily absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract, resulting in significant levels in the circulation. Clinical studies to confirm experimental results are needed

Transtrochanteric fractures represente ekstracapsular fracture proksimal heel of femur, but sometimes is possible to stretch fracture line in intracapsular area. All this fracture represente large disability for patient, large life threatening and if is don`t have adequate treatment substantially is change quality of life. Most of patient with transtrochanteric fractures is older than 65. years with prevalence women gender in attitude 3:1. Number of patient with fracture proksimal heel of femur and with fracture trochanteric area growing up from year to year. In west country this fracture get epidemic shape. For make work it is used material from department of Orthopaedics and traumatology in Medical centre in Kosovska Mitrovica in interval at 2003. to 2006. years. In process of work we follow frequency patient with transtrochanteric fractures in attitude at gender, age, way of injury. We following time elapsed from fractures to surgery treatment, kind of anesthesia, number of day after operation. In postoperative course following is time verticalization patient, presence early and late complication. The ultimatefunctional results which we receive, were shown according to the modificated scale by Merle d'Aubigneu

Introduction: In 1899. Angle introduced his own classification of malocclusions which was established anteroposterior relationship between maxilla and mandible.Later cephalometric examinations showed possible variations of the relationship between maxilla and mandible to cranial base, in all three classes. The aim work: The aim of this work was to ascertain types of the relationship between maxilla and mandible to cranial base in persons with I,II and III class by Angle. Material and method:The profile telerendgenograms were used in male and female aged aprroximately 14,5 years. On the bases of clinical examination and analysis of models,the patients were previously distributed into three groups with 50 examinees in each,according to Angle classification of malocclusions in saggital plain.SNAand SNB angle were analysed, and on the bases were individual values, the type of the relation between maxilla and mandible to cranial base was determined for every examinee. Results: In persons with Angle I class, eight types of the relationship were determined,while five types in persons with Angle II and III class of the relationship of jaw to cranial base. Conclusion: Because of large number of variationsof the relationship of jaw to cranial base diagnostic procedure should evolve, and treatment of the very similar cases should be different

High frequency of appearance and use of expensive diagnostic and therapeutic methods makes lumbar radiculopathy the most expensive benign disease. The aim of the study was evaluation of types psychological reactions in surgically treated patients with chronic lumbar radiculopathy. Matherial and methods: We examined 50 surgically treated patients who had low back pain. The patients were multidisciplinary examined and treated on Medical Rehabilitation Clinic in Novi Sad. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personal Inventory (MMPI) was used to determine the personality profiles. Patients were tested after rehabilitation treatment. Results of the exploring showed the normal profile of personality in 70 % of patients and pathological profile in 30 % ( hypochondria in 8, hysteria in 5 patients and depression in 2 patients). All groups showed improvement in functional limitation during the rehabilitation treatment. Severity and length of pain after rehabilitation treatment is bigger in the group of patients with pathological profile of personality (p<0,005). Psychological factors may play an important role in the onset, severity, exacerbation, or maintenance of this type of chronic pain. Screening surgically treated patients with chronic lumbar radiculopathy with MMPI may be effective in identifying psychopathology

Nitric oxide (NO) is a major messenger molecule that plays key roles in many physiological processes. NO is produced by nitric oxide synthase (NOS), which catalyzes the conversion of L-arginine to L-citruline and NO. At least three isoforms of NOS have been identified and characterized, namely, neuronal NOS (nNOS), endothelial NOS (eNOS) and inducible NOS (iNOS). Recent evidence indicates that most of the cytotoxicity attributed to NO is rather due to peroxynytrite, produced from the diffusion controlled reaction betwen NO and another free radical, the suproxide anion. Peroxynitrite interacts with protein, DNAand lipids via direct oxidative reactions or via indirect radical mediated mechanisms

Search for objective indicators of health state of the population is essential public health issue. First serious attempt of health evaluation of the population were observed in the end of 18. and beginning of the 19. century. In this period of time, description of health population was mostly based on indicators which were based on data of numbers of death. Later, because of significant decrease of infectious disease and improvement of life and work conditions comes to an extension of average life span. Also, comes to a change of conceptualization of health. As a result of all this changes it has been noticed need for consideration of other aspects of health. As a outcome, indicators of disease, disability and non-biological indicators of health (as a approach to health service, quality of health protection, condition of living, life style factors and environment factors) are more and more necessary for documentation of human capacity for physical, mental and social functioning as a objective analysis of health state. To get all the information of all aspects of health which can not be get from health statistics routine data, was started with examination of population health trough interview, respectively polling out representative population sample. Aim of this studies is to get basic information about population health, in manner to supplement the picture of population states, identify health problems and health needs, to get the picture of representations of risk factors among population; to get the picture of health service utility; to find out health disparity among different countries and inside the country, among different population groups; to follow the change of health states during the time; to follow achievement in health strategy; to insure data for people which are creating health politics, in manner to coordinate theirs politics, strategy and programs. This kind of study is taking place every year in many countries and in others periodically. In our country this kind of studies were done during the year of 2000. and 2006

Getting on in years individually becomes the biggest risk factor in appearance of the woman's brest cancer. From the entire number of new discovered woman's breast cancers, 48% are women older then age of 65. Woman's breast cancer discovered by persons got on in years diagnose in getting forward condition of illness besides bigger cancer freqvency with propitious histology and biological profile. There are not enough proper studies about the breast cancer in elderly. For the project development material has been used from the surgical clinic and clinic for Oncology, as wellas institute for Pathology of the clinical centre in the city of Nis.The data from our serial direct attention to rarer conduct of standard diagnostic procedures at elderly with breast cancer. Also the conectivity between years of the patients; and time being passing from the initial diagnosis until treatment has been studied. Using pathhistology exam we were reseiving information about histological type of cancer, about the size of cancer, histological and nuclear grade, as well as absence or hold of metastasis process of lymph nodus. The most frequent used surgical procedure was radical mastectomy modified by Madden and Patey. The presence of complications has been tracked in the postoperative progress. In the postoperative progress depending on condition of breast cancer histological and nuclear grade, hold of the lymph knots,positivism of hormonereceptors, presence of comorbidity female patientswere subjected to adjuvant therapy. With purpose of perception of diagnoses as well as caracteristics and results of treatment of the female patient's survival has been tracked. The average survival in the examined group was 21 months while it was 31 month in the control group

This research has been done on a sample of 4211 drivers, from which 3886 ( 92,28%) were put in examination for plus measuring alcohol concentration in exhaled air, that is, breath testing with breathalyser type Alcotest® 7410 RS, while 297 of examined people, besides breath testing were put through blood sample analysis, applying ADH enzyme's method. Both sexes were covered in this examination, and they were at the age from 16 to 66, classified according to the clinical phase alcohol taken. Results: Most of the alcoholic drivers were men. The greatest number (94,9% from 4211) didn't participate in a traffic accidents (TA), 3,8% were participants in TA with material damage, and in 1,2% of cases were TA with injuring some of the participants, while in just 4 cases (0,1%) came to mortal injuring participants. The highest number of police controls were registrated on Saturdays, in Summer months, in time from 00:00 to 03:59 hours. Average age of the examined people were 32,5 years old (SD = 0,871), and the greatest number of the examined in this analysed sample belongs to age group from 21 to 30 (1748, that is, 41,51% from 4211). The greatest number of drivers (51,3%) were in clinical phase of mild intoxication. Applying three factor's ANOVA statistical method with one set factor (with part of a day in a month) it is established that arising traffic accidents (TA) depends solely from clinical phase of intoxication. Obtained results taken from breath testing are compared with results received from determinating Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) applying enzym's ADH method. Very high coefficient of correlation is established from 0,95 (r 0,198, p>0,0006). In the observed period falling trend of alcoholic drivers is recorded. We can note constant numerical domination of age group of 21 to 30. Driving drunken is typical characteristic for male population. In group of professional drivers it's extremely rare steering a vehicle in alcoholic condition. It is detected that in most cases of TA participants were in mild or medium state of intoxication, what indicates to a major accidental significance precisely these degrees of intoxication

The role of Eustachian tube dysfunction in chronic middle ear inflammation etiopathogenesis is obvious and almost always present. Shorter length of m. tensor velli palatini, the only active opener of the Eustachian tube, is related to tube dysfunction. The aim of the study is to investigate correlation between soft palate length, angle formed between soft and hard palate and chronic middle ear inflammation occurrence. Examinations have been performed on 60 adults. Group A consisted of patients suffering from chronic middle ear inflammation, whereas group B consisted of healthy individuals with respect to their gender and age. Examinations included medical check-up, auditory findings, radiological examinations and craniometrical X- ray measurements performed using lateral head X-ray. Soft palate length and angle formed between soft and hard palate angle were measured. It has been determined that soft palate length (distance from spine nasalis to the top of the uvula) is shorter in patients suffering from chronic middle ear inflammation ( average value for group A= 3,09, SD=0,422, whereas for group B =3,747, SD=0,448). Student test results indicate highly significant difference between examined groups ( value of variable t=6,025). Angle formed between hard and soft palate is higher in group A examinees (average value 138.4, SD=9.379, than in control group (average value 132,17, SD=8.765). Value of the variable t=2,658 indicate the significant differences in values between examined groups. Soft palate in patients suffering from chronic middle ear inflammation is positioned more horizontally and its length is shorter than in control group B. Depth and volume of the nasopharynx is lesser in group A patients. These soft palate dimensions impact soft palate muscular disbalance, mostly m. tensor velli palatini. In dysfunctional tube, medial lamina cartilage rotation is insufficient and muscular movement is minimal. Defining soft palate dimensions and nasopharyngeal morphology Eustachian tube dysfunction can be explained and chronic middle ear inflammation development predicted

Breast cancer remains one of the most common malignancies in women and is one of the leading causes of cancerrelated mortality. Despite the current emphasis on breast conservation, mastectomy rates remain at 30%. Mastectomy is often associated with significant psychological sequelae including distorted body image and sexual dysfunction. Breast restoration is assumed to allow a full emotional and physical recovery from a breast cancer crisis. Autogenous tissue gives the best results, and currently the best technique in most women is probably the free DIEPflap. there is theoretically minimal functional loss, minimal risk of hernia, less postoperative pain, and shorter hospitalization. However, there is a range of options, such as other flaps and use of implants, which can be tailored to specific situations