The aim of this study was to identify main epidemiological risk factors for the Leptospirosis at territory of Serbia. The cross sectional study was used as epidemiological method during investigation. During period of 2000-2006. Leptospirosis affected 211 people, while 14 of them died as a consequence of this illness in Serbia. Number of patients with Leptospirosis was almost equal at the territory of Central Serbia and Vojvodina region, while at Serbian enclaves in Kosovo and Metohija there was no single case of sickness. Most of the affected patients were working people, males between 20 and 60 years old (97%) with higher risk factor for contamination with disease determined by their profession (farmers, fishermen, veterinarians. Seasonal character of illness (most of the affected in August) was caused by increased exposition to Leptospirosis in summer time (swallowing of contaminated water during swimming and diving, small wounds on skin etc)

Every time, even ours, has its own «driving forces, starters and breakers». Dr Vladan Djordjevic resided during the very noisy time during the second half of the nineteenth century, known for intensive changes in biology and medicine. Contemporaries noticed peculiar nature of Dr Vladan Djordjevic: clairvoyant, cleverness - «gave more, than many other simple professionals together». If even nowadays the way of how a man thinks is not known, that is logical structuralism and logical functionality of thinking, scholastic is wrong that such a «natural thinking», certainly, enters into cliché. The author applied nine-valence logic and systematic approach. The measures in eradication of diseases which, used to be applied nowadays would be called "general hygienic measures". They didn't have to be sufficiently effective, so the possibility of appearance for some sick stayed, because it would appear in natural system of appendage, few «causative connection», but noticeable less that earlier. The helth ones exposed can be used for prooving cause, which contemporary statistic doesn't use for this purpose. By this, even when we have not existing of statistic importance it points out at the cause; that is, the existence of this one can direct someone to wrong road. The difference in the value of the result of the same event points out at the researches not being orientated and by that cosmopolitan community. Palliative measures made the doctors confused, as it was perfectly noticed by V. Djordjevic - "...he wouldn't make a mistake to prove, how people get sick and die because they are better dressed, better feed, because all their life is better organised than it used to be", although the group progressed by its better working. Multy valence »logic of allowance” as a natural and objective one, used to exist before its observation by logic and science. The result is «clairvoyant and restless spirit» of the future academic Vladan Djordjevic D. M. what is even nowadays desirable. The author concludes that there is one road to discover something (anticipate) by adding importance to «statistic importance»; and the other one, chosen by Dr Vladan Djordjevic by your own ratio (intuition). Although the disease appeared even when the progress is made - he didn't allow: «not to see the whole forest because of one wood», and to underestimate the applied measures. He didn't allow to be deceived by appearing of disease, because the palliative of measurements covers the system: а. When you are not successful, but and b. Even when you are successful - and those have to be separated by contemplation and by no means unifies!

As a result of long-term heroin abuse we can see impairment of cerebral structures, that leads to specific deficits in cognitive and conative area. There is a positive correlation between intensity of mentioned deficits and duration of heroin abuse. Attention is a cognitive function highly sensitive to toxic effects of opioids. Attention disorders and concentration disorders in opiate addicts are frequently described as a part of frontal syndrome, in consideration of high neurons sensitivity of frontal and prefrontal cortex to heroin. The aim of this study was to evaluate results of heroin addicts on Trail making test, in order to estimate the effect of heroin abuse on attention and specific relation between attention deficit with the duration of abuse. Ninty heroin addicts, divided in tree groups, regarding to abuse duration, were included in study. Results showed that heroin abuse longer than one year is connected with attention disorders, like low flexibility of attention and low selectivity of attention. The intensity of mentioned effects is higher in addicts who use higher daily dosage of heroin

Arteriovenous graft are the most frequent alternative to the arteriovenous fistula. Although arteriovenous grafts 'mature' fasterthan endogenous fistulas, at least 3 weeks are needed before the first puncture to allow endothelialization of the internal wall. Implantation of arteriovenous graft is foreign material, are subjected to a high risk of thrombotic and infectious complications.

Cardiac dysrrhythmias can be found in patient with no signs of ischemic cardiac disease but supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias can be developed in cardiac hypertrophy. In this work we have examined frequency of cardiac dysrrhythmias in patients with hypertension and with or without hypertrophy of left ventricule (LVH). Investigation was accomplished on 80 patients with high blood pressure. In all 80 patients, basic on ECHO signs we define LVH, and by using of Holter monitoring we analised dysrrhythmias. Basic on ECHO signs we have 2 groups of patients: I.group ECHO (+) LV, and II group ECHO (-) LVH, in each 40 patients. Holter monitoring have 37 patients [22 mans (59,45%) and 15 women (40,54%)]. Hypertensive patients with LVH, who hade dysrrhythmia, have middle value IMLV 155,3 ± 27,21; аgе 56,42 ± 6,04; duration of hypertension 11,73 ±10,05; and EF% 55,2 ± 3,77. In patients with Holter monitoring 16 ( 43,32%) have dysrrhythmias type II, IIIa, IIIb and IV Lowny degree, (12) 34,43% from 43,32% have LVH. Salves VES are registrated only in group hypertension patients with ECHO(+) 5,4%. By using Mann Whitney statistic test for presents of dysrrhythmias in 2 groups of patients (ECHO LVH and ECHO without LVH), we found statistics significants (p = 0,049). In IMLV 60-110 g/m² 8,82% patients have dysrrhythmia, IMLV 151-200 g/m² dysrrhythmias are registrated in 40%; and 50% patients have dysrrhythmias in IMLV> 200g/m². In group hypertensive patients with LVH dysrrhythmias are registrated in group with ecscentric LVH 35,1%

Important facts about recombinant human factor VIIa have been mentioned, also about the renal cell carcinoma. Case report: Male, aged 69, with infiltrative renal cell carcinoma, underwent radical nephrectomy using Hasagawa`s approach. Extirpated tumor had 35 cm in diameter. During the surgery, patient suffered a cardiac arrest with 3500 ml blood loss. After operation, he lost 2100 ml more blood. Despite of active blood supstitutions with intensive surgical attempts in order of haemostasis, bleeding did not stop untill the application of rFVIIa (300 I. U.). Patient survives and recovers completelly. Conclusion: RFVIIa is very succesful in controling of massive surgical bleeding, possibly associated with paraneoplastic syndrome.

Every situation where an experienced anesthesiologist needs more than 10 minutes or three tries for putting the endotracheal tube is considered as difficult intubation. Frequency of difficult intubation in pregnant women is three to ten times bigger than general surgical population. This case report shows that it is necessary to have passable respiratory tract in case of difficult intubation in order to keep in life a woman who needs to be done Caesarean section and save mother and a newborn

Drugs prescription and drugs accessibility are among the most important drug use related topics. A patients questionnaire was conducted in the area of Novi Sad, Bačka Palanka, Bač, Temerin and Odžak (all in South Bačka region), because the routine medical statistics does not provide all neccessary data about the drugs availability. It is demonstrated that pressure and expectations of patients and doctor-patient relationship influence the choice of drugs to be prescribed. Positive list drugs deficiency represent a great problem, forcing patients to buy drugs in private-owned stores or abroad.

Myocarditis is defined, clinically and pathologically, as inflammation of the heart muscle. The autoimmune phase is belived to play a major role and the use immunosuppressive agents may be useful in containing myocyte destruction. Aims was to systematically review the impact of Immunomodulative therapy on the outcame of severe and acute myocarditis in children. We retrospectively studied all the children admitted to University Children s Hospital with an acute viral myocarditis (AVM) from 2003-2008y. Patients were included if they had 1.severe and acute heart failure, 2 left ventricular dysfunction assessed by echocardiography, 3. a recent history of viralillness and 4. absens of personal or familial history of cardiomyopthy. Fourteen patient (37%) had severe and acute myocaditys. Seven patients were treated with immunomodulative therapy and anticongestive therapy (group I). Other seven patients were treated with anticongestive therapi only (group II). We comparred the use of antikongestiv therapy alone, with a combination of immunomodulative. Such studies have documented succeful outcome of AVM with immunomodulative trearment.

Nonsteroidal antiinflamatory drugs are currently one of the most widely used categories of drugs, because there is a huge number of indication for theirs purpose. This huge purpose of this drugs has theirs own price, which is shown in side effects, especialy in the upper parts of gastrointestinal tract: erosions of the mucose in 35-60 %, ulcers in 10-25%, strong bleeding or perforation in <1%. It is appears that this drugs are responsible for 10-20 thousands lethal outcome in the world. Even small dose of acetlisalicil acid by 75 mg,which is used in prevention of cardiovascular disease, brings to the damage of mucose GIT and 11% have ulcer. Inhibition ciklooxigen-1,which have main role in protection mucose of stomach and duodenum on the part of NAIL, lead to damage mucose GIT, and that is the result of sistemic inhibition, which is indenpendant of the way of getting drugs. Some author instigate a local effect of Nail,as week acid. It is necessary to protect highrisk pacient with using gastroprotektiv drugs