The aim is to determine pathological -ulcero-erosive changes in the gastroduodenal mucosa (erosions, ulcers, ulcers, ulcer complications, subepithelial hemorrhage, etc.) resulting from the adverse effects of salicylates /ACK/ corticosteroid, imunoodulatora which was prescribed in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The test was performed on 50 patients diagnosed with RA who were on the two-year continuous therapy. When respondents were done gastroscopy and pathological macroscopic changes resulting from the gastroduodenal mucosa as a result of adverse effects of administered drugs verified. After two years of preparations ACK controlled therapy, corticosteroids, imunomodula- sector on mucosa gastroduodenal erosions were found in 81.5% of patients, gastric ulcer in 33%, duodenal ulcer with 18.5% of patients and bleeding in 44.4%.

Class II malocclusion are complex anomalies of the skeletal and dental systems. The aim of this study is that the rengenkefalometrics analysis closer determine the morphological characteristics of this malocclusion. For this study were used 30 patients aged 18-30, previously clinically diagnosed class II, before the planned orthodontic treatment. The results analisis lateral cephalometric radiographs were compared with the 30 patients with class I malocclusion. Analyzed three linear and two angular cranial base dimensions and nine angular and four linear measures from the facial skeleton. The Results show: No statistically significant differensis in cranial base angle (SNBa) and anterior cranial base length (S–N) between class II and control Class I. Angle maxillar prognathism ( SNA) is no signifikant different between class I and Class II but SNB angle were signifikant smaller. The length of maxillary base (A`-SnP) is longer and the length of mandibule (Pg`-MT1/MT) is signifficantly smaller. The gonial angle (ArGo–Me) was smaller with open articular angle (GoArSN). Morphological characteristics of class II malocclusion are , retrognathic and smaller mandibular ligth, normognathic and longer maxilla, open articular angle with vertical tendency of the craniofacial growth pattern.

While different definitions for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome (MetS) have been proposed, their applicability brings confusion about which criteria should be used in clinical practice. This was an observational cross-sectional study conducted during October 2008. in 3 university hospital centers in the north, midst and south of the Serbia. 1715 patients were recruited from outpatient clinical practice and primary health care offices: 37% males and 63% females, aged 34-80 years. To evaluate the impact of different criteria in discriminating high risk population for coronary artery disease (CAD) we used NCEP-ATP III, AHA/NHLBI and IDF definitions. 21,7% (373) from the patients included in the study sustained CAD. The prevalence of MetS in the CAD group was 84,7%, 86,1% and 82,0%, respectively, compared with 58,3%, 60,6% and 61,2% in the control group (p<0.0001). ROC curves ploted by the probabilities for CAD calculated in the logistic models for each definition (adjusted for age, sex, smoking and educational status) indicated that NCEP-ATP III and NHLBI-AHA definitions had a better predictive accuracy compared with IDF (p=0,006 and p=0,016, respectively). When the waist girth is introduced in NCEP-ATP III and NHLBI-AHA definitions as obligatory, this distinction was lost. The NCEP-ATP III and AHA/NHLBI definition is more suitable for discrimination of MetS diagnosis, than the later proposed IDF definition in the subjects of the given population. Inclusion of waist circumference as obligatory criteria failed to show increase in predictive accuracy for CAD.

Collagen is a major constituent of the gingival extracellular matrix, which crucially affects the histoarchitecture of the gingival tissue. Collagen type I dominates the gingival tissue, while type II, III and IV are present to a lesser extent. Changes in distribution and density occur in the inflamed gingiva. The aim of the study was to examine the organization and density of the collagen in healthy and inflamed gingiva. The material for the study consisted of the gingival biopsies performed in 96 patients aged from 13 to 70 years. The gingival specimens were classified into 4 groups: healthy gingiva, gingivitis, moderate periodontal disease and severe periodontal disease. The samples of the gingival tissues were stained by the method of Van Gieson’s Stain, while the VD of the collagen was measured bz the use of multipurpose testing system M42. In healthy gingival collagen are thick and receptive to color. In gingivitis collagen is mostly preserved structure, but reduced volume; in the periodontitis collagen bundles are reduced, short, thin, disorganized, often fragmented and less susceptibility to color. In healthy gingiva collagen fibers occupy 58.6 ± 5.1% of the volume of lamina propria; in gingivitis significantly lower (44.2 ± 6.2%); in moderate periodontitis 32.7 ± 8.5% and in the progressed periodontitis only 28.7 ± 9.7%. Based on our results, we concluded that in periodontal disease occurs collagenolysis. Quantitative evaluation of gingival collagen volume density may reflect the clinical severity of periodontal disease.

Introduction:Istraživanja pokazuju da svako realizovano samoubistvo prati od 8 do 25 neuspelih pokušaja. Osobe koje su pokušale samoubistvo samotrovanjem najčešće navode da su bile preplavljene osećanjima i mislima koje su im bile nepodnošljive. Želele su da pobegnu iz, za njih u tom trenutku, nepodnošljive situacije, ili su izgubili kontrolu nad sobom. Kod osoba koje su pokušale samoubistvo, trovanje lekovima, želja da zaista umru, da nestanu, javlja se retko. Češće je prisutna potreba da „samo“ odspavaju, odmore se, naprave pauzu. Cilj rada: identifikovati najčešći način pokušaja samoubistva kod oba pola ispitanika i sredstva koja su upotrebljena u cilju izvršenja samoubistva. U našem istraživanju najčešći način pokušaja samoubistva kod oba pola je trovanje lekovima - 91,1%, sečenje vena - 5,4%, skok sa visine – 3,6% ispitanika. Najčešće korišćeni lekovi su anksiolitici - 55,4%, kombinacije različitih lekova - 25,0%, antidepresivi - 8,9% , neuroleptici - 7,1%, lekovi i alkohol - 3,6%. Zaključak: najzastupljeniji način pokušaja samoubistva kod oba pola ispitanika je trovanje lekovima. Od lekova u najvećem procentu korišćeni su anksiolitici a u najmanjem procentu kombinacija alkohola i lekova. Nakon pokušaja samoubistva 90% ispitanika su osećali olakšanje što im pokušaj samoubistva nije uspeo.Kod 86% ispitanika na izbor sredstva u cilju samoubistva uticala je laka dostupnost lekova. Kod 3% ispitanika je bio ponovljeni pokušaj samoubistva i to na isti način, trovanje lekovima.

Introduction: In over of 99% cases of cervical cancer its appearing is preceded by persistent cervical epithelium infection caused by high-risk oncogenic types of human papillomavirus (HPV). The aim of the study was to examine the distribution of high-risk oncogenic HPV types compared to patohistological diagnoses of cervical diseases in women. Materials and methods: The study included 56 women with suspected premalignant and malignant cervical lesions, due to suspected colposcopic and cytological findings (Papanicolaou test). The HPV typing by "in situ" hybridization method on high-risk HPV types 16, 18, 31 and 33 was performed in all patients from cervical smear as well as cervical biopsy. Histological findings of cervical biopsy was a "gold standard" in the analysis of materials. Results: Histologically detected premalignant or malignant changes of the cervix were found at 34 (60.7%) of all 56 examined women: 17 of them had LSIL, 13 of them had HSIL, while 4 had squamous cell carcinoma. A positive HPV test had a 47 (84%) of them with a prove of the presence of one or more types of HPV. The most common type of virus was HPV 16 and it was detected in 27 (48.2%) women, followed by HPV 31 that was detected in 26 (46.4%) women, HPV 18 in 18 (32.1%) of women and HPV 33 in 4 (7.1%) women. The infection caused by oncogenic type HPV16 was significantly more frequent in patients with HSIL and cervical cancer (p<0,001), while the infection caused by oncogenic type HPV 31 was significantly more frequent in patients with LSIL and cervicitis (p=0,003). The distribution of HPV 18 and HPV 33 types was not statistically significantly different in patients with different histological findings (HPV 18, p = 0.41; HPV 33, p = 1.0). Conclusion: Based on our results we can conclude that there is a good correlation of HPV infection with pre-malignant cervical lesions and cervical cancer. The incidence of HPV type 16 infection increased with severity of cervical lesions and it is usually detected high-risk oncogenic type virus in women with severe cervical lesions type like HSIL and cancer are. HPV 31 is the most common high-risk type of HPV of mild type lesions, like LSIL and cervicitis are. We believe that women infected by high-risk oncogenic HPV types, although without histologically diagnose of cervical lesion, should be more frequent controle by colposcopy and cytology (Papanicolaou) test, because of possible disease progression to a more advanced level.

Hypertension represents one of the most significant preventable causes of death worldwide, and accordingly the target group for its prevention and early detection primarily refers to young population. Assessment of prevalence of selected risk factors for the development of hypertension among students, and determination of the existence of differences between genders, defined age groups and included faculties. A cross-sectional study was carried out during 2013., at Faculties of Medical Sciences, University of Belgrade. Respondents completed an questionnaire specially designed for the purpose of this study. Categorical data were analyzed using statistical chi-square test of independence. The study included 600 respondents, mainly female (61.2%), with the mean age of 53.1 ± 17.4 years. More than third of the participants (38,6%) reported the genetic predisposition to development of hypertension. Recorded modifiable risk factors were overweight (22,33%), regular extra salt intake (86,3%) and smoking (32,8%). The results of the study indicate presence of reversible risk factors in the observed population. Designing educational programs on chronic diseases during graduate studies is necessary to keep hypertension from developing at older age and mitigate the number of existing risk factors development.

Univerzitetski studenti predstavljaju potencijalne profesionalce sa značajnim ulogama u budućnosti, te su zato njihovi stavovi o zdravom načinu života od povećane važnosti. Cilj rada je procena stepena fizičke aktivnosti, i identifikovanje određenih relevantnih pokazatelja o nezdravim životnim navikama (pušenje, alkohol, sedentaran način života) među studentima Državnog univerziteta u Novom Pazaru. Istraživanje je sprovedeno među studentima I i IV godine Državnog univerziteta u Novom Pazaru, u maju 2013.godine. Kao instrument istraživanja korišten je anonimni anketni upitnik, posebno konstruisan za ovo istraživanje. Anketni odgovori su direktno unošeni u posebno pripremljenu bazu podataka. Za statističku obradu podataka korišćen je statistički softverski paket SPSS 18.0. Za statističku analizu korišćeni su metodi deskriptivne statistike i Hi-kvadrat test na nivou značajnosti p<0,05. Statističkom analizom je potvrđeno da postoji značajna razlika u proporciji studenata koji se bave sportsko rekreativnim aktivnostima između I i IV godine studija (Hi-kvadrat 5,882; p<0,05). Proporcija studenata I godine koji koji vežbaju 2-3 puta nedeljno značajno je manja od proporcije studenata IV godine (Hi-kvadrat 6,332; p<0,05). Nema statistički značajne razlike između proporcija studenata I i IV godine koji konzumiraju alkohol (Hi-kvadrat 0.231; p>0.05). Prisutan je značajan broj nepušača među studentima I godine preko 85 %, dok ih je među studentima IV godine oko 73%. Proporcija studenata I godine koji puše ne razlikuje se značajno od proporcije studenata IV godine koji puše (Hi-kvadrat 1,334; p>0,05). Uočljiv je podatak koji može da zabrinjava, a to je da skoro duplo više studenata I godine u odnosu na one koji su IV godina, se ne bavi nikakvim sportsko rekreativnim aktivnostima. Neophodno je insistirati na usvajanju zdravih stilova života kod studenata koji su na putu zrelosti i odgovornosti za sebe i za zajednicu.

Prikaz slučaja bolesnice sa Astrocitomom u predelu parahipokampalne regije leve hemisfere kod koga je nakon
resekcije levog temporalnog režnja došlo do razvoja shizofreniformne psihoze. Psihički i neurološki status, Skala za
procenu pozitivnog i negativnog sindroma shizofrenije (PANSS), Mini internacionalni neuropsihijatrijski intervju (MINI) ,
verzija 4,4., subkategorija N za psihotične sadržaje, Šihanova skala narušavanja sposobnosti (SSNS), Hamiltonova
skala za procenu depresije Hamiltonova skala zaprocenu anksioznosti, Montgomeri-Asberg skala za depresiju, elektroencefalogram (EEG), standardno i registrovanje nakon deprivacije spavanja, kompjuterizovanatomografija glave
(CT) i neuromagnetna rezonanca endokranijuma (NMR). Bolesnica stara 51 godinu, od 12-te godine života ima epileptičke napade, koji su definisani kao jednostavni i složeni žarišni u vidu zagledanja, motornih ambulatornih automatizama sa retkom sekundarnom generalizacijom i postiktalnom zbunjenosti. Nakon što je učinjen NMR endokranijuma
kojim je utvrdjen tumor u levoj parahipokampalnoj formaciji, uradjena resekcija levog temporalnog režnja, gde je
patohistološki utvrdjeno da se radi o Astrocitomu II stepena. Nakon intervencije došlo do razvoja polimorfne simptomatologije, sa dominacijom paranoidno-depresivne simptomatologije i epileptičkih napada sa aurom straha, spaciotemporalnom dezorijentacijom i gubitkom svesti. Pacijentkinja tretirana racionalnom antiepileptičkom politerapijom
i neurolepticima nakon čega je došlo do kliničkog poboljšanja slike psihoze i smanjenja učestalosti epileptičkih napada. Nakon temporalne lobektomije došlo je do razvoja „de novo psihoze“ sa kliničkom slikom shizofreniformne epileptičke psihoze.  

Prikazan je slujaj poznice stare 52 godine sa abdominalnom aktinomykozom, kod koje su se symptoms zapatili dva mecea pre hospitalizationizacije. Abdominal actinomycosis is rare, chronic, granulomatous infection, koju karakterime pojaja ''sumpornih granula''. It usually occurs in patients with surgical interventions or invasive procedures, manifesting tumors in the abdomen. The diagnosis is often difficult to establish. U manje od 10% is placed preoperatively. Definitive diagnosis is based on makroskopskom and histološkom pregledu sampler zavrentih tsikava. Lečenje is carried out intravenskom primenom coché doza penicillin u durati od 2-6 nedelja, a potom peroralna antibiotska terapija traje još 6-12 meseci.