The level of the health protection determines the living standard of people in that area. If the standard is higher the health protection is on a higher level. Extraordinary circumstances on the territory of Kosova and Metohia in the period of th almost whole last decade of 20 century caused much lower of health protection. It happened a spontaneous mobilisation of all factors of normal life in this area, causing an improvement in this matter. First public health workers made some changes and permitted their work with a great enthusiasm. Social-political structure of this area connected humanitarian organizations while Serbian population showed a strong determination to struggle with is strength for the existence in this area. Therefore the lowest level of the health protection in 1999 started gradually to improve. By opening new section within the Health Center in Zubin Potok (orthopedic and neurological) the scope of the health protection of the people got more extended. Orthopedic section opened an X-ray room where we X-rayed injures and sickness of the locomotor systems. In the period 1999-2002. we checked 8692 sick people (42,65% workers, 49,30% housewives and pensioners and 8.30% children). However, we did 1404 surgery operation. We took out 82 benign tumors, 64 objects and 59 skin excision (removal of para-site-ixodes ricini). Nevertheless, we put 2039 bandages where injures and sickness of locomotor systems occurred. During the last 3.5 years we did 301 X-ray photos. Gradual improvement of the standard of people, improvement of the social-political situation and further strong motivation of the population to stay in this area, contributing to better medical treatment and healing of sick people. It is contributing to the existence of the Serbian population in this area.

Fulminant form of acute viral hepatitis E in adult patiens, except pregnants women, is very rare. The authors describe a 50 year-old man with diagnosis of viral hepatitis E on basis of antibodies found in IgM class to hepatitis E virus using ELISAtechnique. The disease had a fulminant course wich ended in death.

Febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reaction (FNHTR) is the most common adverse effect of blood transfusion. FNHTR is usually immune mediated due to the reaction of white cells antibodies in the recipient's plasma with the leukocytes contanied in the transfused blood components. In some patients, especially recipients transfused with platelets, cytokines are implicated in this reaction. The differential diagnosis may be difficult, especially when co-morbid disorders such as infection or malignancy, and certain treatments, may cause a similar spectrum of symptoms. In differential diagnosis, acute haemolytic transfusion reaction, bacterialy contaminated blood products and transfusion associated lung injury must be exlcuded. Repeated severe FNHTRs necessitate leucocyte depletion of blood components.

The urgent surgery center “Simonida” in Gra~anica was built by humanitarian organization “Doctors of the World” from Greece with donation of Ministry of Foreign affairs of Greece and Greek institute for mother and child. He started working in march 2000. Even though, it has a small capacity of 15 beds, it represent a very important part in health care for the people Serbian enclaves in Kosovo and Metohia. During 2002. 15133 patients were examined in this hospitaly. 811 patient were hospitalized, and 98 of them were operated. Serbian doctors performed the firs surgery 11.07.2002. when the patient S.S. 46 years old was operated due to inguinal hernia on left side. In the urgent surgery center 72 (73,47%) male patients and 26 (26,53%) female patients. Were operated 64 (65,31%) adults patients and 34 (34,69%) children were operated. In this hospital 46 patients for inguinal hernia, 14 patients for acuta appendicitis, 8 for inflammation of gall, 4 for testis retency, 4 for pilonoidal sinus, 3 for higrom, and 22 patients with other diseased were operated. Total anestesy used with 68 (69,63%), spinalis with 22 (22,45%) and local with 8 (8,16%) patients. Total anestesy was used with 36 adulta patients and with 32 children patients. Considering the restricted freedom of moveing and bad security situation of people in enclaves, the urgent surgery center “Simonida” justify its egzistence making possible adequate surgery help to the suftering peoples of Central Kosovo, Sirini} region and region Kosovsko Pomoravlje.

Certainly the level of the health protection of the population is in a direct connection with the living standard of people. Life and work of all the people in Zubin Potok municipality, as well giving the health help, became more difficult after 1999. It is because of the exile of non-Albanian population from teritory of Kosovo and Metohia. The most difficult problem, taking care of sick people, results from the impossibility of the normal traffic communication with Priština and Kosovska Mitrovica, where the Main Health Centers are located. More over, the irregular supplying with medicines, difficult transportation of patients, as well the downsizing of mean in this area, made the workers of Health center in Zubin Potok to make some changes in order to provide an adequate health protection for more than 10000 people in this area.

The frequent sign in renal disease and disease of urinary tract is presents of blood in urine, hematuria, and it is discovered very often in children. Aim of this work was to establish the most frequent causes of hematuria in our recorded
material. Investigation was accomplished on 60 patients, by using standard clinical and biochemical methods. The results of
work have showed that hematiria may be faund in any age in children. Most patients belong to age 5-10 years 27 (45.0%),
belong to age up to 10 years, and 26,6% belong to age 1 -5 year. Hematuria is more common in school-aged children and in
adolescence. Gross hematuria is found in 60% of patients, and microscopic hematuria in 40% of patients. Infective cause of
hematuria is found in 29 patients, and in 31 patients other causes, such as : stones, sec.glomerular diseases, tumors, hematologic disorders, etc. As infective glomerular disease and infection of urinary tract, in 25 % patients the cause of hematuria is acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis, tuberculosis in 6,66 patients,urinary tract infecion in 16,6 patients (in 8,33% patients caused by E.colli). Anatomic abnormalities is found in 15% patients,asymptomatic hematuria in 6,6%, lithiasis in 5%, and Henoch - Schönlein in 5%, and coagulopathies in5 % of patients, other causes are rare.In observed sample of patients, we have registrated high frequency of hematuria in chlidren with ac. poststreptoccal glomerulonephritis, then in children with morphological abnormalitis of urinary tract,urinary tract infection, and IgAnephropathia as a very rare cause, but Trachtman and Hagg in their reserches found Alport syndrom and IgA nephropathy as a most frequently causes of Hematuria

Specific immunotherapy (SIT) has been used for almost a century but its form of administration is still a matter of
debate. At present curative SIThas only demonstrated its efficiancy, under the conditions that an appropriate allergen extract
is used, and patients are careffuly selected. However, many alergic patients likely to respond to immunotherapy are not
treated specificaly, due to the prevaling opinion that immunotherapy is ineffective, and has more uneffectable side effects
than drug treatment. Direct comparison of efficiancy between immunotherapy and drugs is problematic as this implies a
comparison between a treatment aiming at interfering with the pathophysiological mechanisms of the alergic inflammation
with potential for long term effect, or even cure (immunotherapy), and a treatment abolishing symptoms whi-le being
administered, but without long term preventive capacity (drugs). In most patients the situation is not an either but ra-ther
both and. The advantages of combinig immunotherapy and drugs are related to a higher likelihood of increasing effi-ciancy,
reducing side effects, and improving patient compliance by combining a treatment having an immediate effect with one
functioning more slowly

Hepatitis A is relatively benign disease. The duration of illness caused by HAV is variable, ranging from several
weeks to several mounths. Infection with HAV does not cause chronic liver disease. We have presented the clinical and
st epidemiological caracteristic an epidemic of hepatitis A in area of Toplica. Since late septembar 2001 to february of 21 in
2002, in hospital in Prokuplje have been treated 211 patients. The epidemic is spread by contact

On the territory of Yugoslavia Q fever presents a significant health and epidemiological problem. In Vojvodina Q
fever is being reported in epidemic form. In adition to, sporadic cases are registrated in Central Serbia as well. In Kosovo and Metohia during this period there was no single case of Q fever diagnosed. This disease is primary professional illness. Q
fever is more often diagnosed in male compared to female gender. Among reported cases elderly structures between 20 and
59 dominate and participation of those elderly groups estimate 78,4% of all registerd cases. Q fever has a strictly seasonal
character, and the most cases are reported in the period January-April

Powers was the first scientis who described Varices oesophagei in 1939 (Thomas in 1960) in the 19th century,
th Varices weve considered like consequence of splenies sicknes, was noted like 20 century, portal hypertension, noted like
pathogenesiscal machinery for begining. Varices oesophegei and classification. Oesophagoscopy was vade by 40 patients
because varices were veryfied and a factor of risk, which varices have was measured. Endoscopy morphologycal classification Varices oesophagei was used by Paque in 4 class. Varices in the first class was had 17,5% in the second class 35%, in the second and third class 22,5%, the fourth class 5%. Varices in the third and fourth class have observed like bigs Varices who have very risc and ruinouses for life.