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Volume 52, Issue 2, 2023
Online ISSN: 2560-3310
ISSN: 0350-8773
Volume 52 , Issue 2, (2023)
Published: 15.01.2025.
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Contents
01.12.2019.
Original scientific paper
THE INFLUENCE OF PHACOEMULSIFICATION ON CORNEAL OEDEMA IN PATIENTS WITH GLAUCOMA
Introduction: Glaucoma diagnosis is based on consideration of several factors, such as increased intraocular pressure (IOP), damage to the optical disc, and associated visual field loss. Evaluation of the integrity of the corneal endothelium and monitoring of the corneal thickness is indispensable during the preoperative preparation for phacoemulsification. These data are of great importance for later treatment and monitoring of early and late postoperative complications.
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the central corneal thickness immediately before and after cataract surgery in patients with primary glaucoma (open and closed angle), comparing them with patients who do not have diagnosed glaucoma. Materials and methods: A prospective study covered a total of 159 subjects who performed cataract surgery by the method of phacoemulsification with the implantation of the intraocular lens in the posterior chamber at the Clinic for Eye Diseases at the Clinical Center of Serbia in Belgrade in 2017 and 2018. Pre-operative patients are classified into two groups. The first group with a primary glaucoma consisted of 71 respondents, with an open angle 41 with glaucoma, and a closed angle glaucoma 30. The second group consisted of people who did not have a diagnosed glaucoma, 88 of them. The central corneal thickness was measured using an ultrasound pachymeter. The measurements were made before the operation, 24 hours, 10 and 30 days after the operation, trying to get all done at the same time of day.
Results: Between patients without glaucoma (BG), primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and primary glaucoma of closed angle (PACG), there is a statistically significant difference in median age (χ2 = 10.102; DF = 2; p = 0, 006). Among the observed groups there were statistically significant differences in the values measured preoperatively (χ2 = 10.265; DF = 2; p = 0.006). Among the observed groups, there was no statistically significant difference in the values measured in the first postoperative day (χ2 = 4.364; DF = 2; p = 0.099), nor in the 10th postoperative day (χ2 = 3.250; DF = 2; p = 0.197); 30 days after surgery (χ2 = 1.427; DF = 2; p = 0.490). In each of the groups individually, the appearance of oedema or a very statistically significant difference in the first and tenth postoperative day. Statistically significant difference was present 30 days after surgery, but far less compared to early postoperative period.
Conclusion: Based on the values obtained in this prospective study, we estimate that monitoring of corneal thickness has a mandatory place in the observation of patients after cataract surgery. We found that there is no difference in preoperative measurement only between groups without glaucoma and open angle glaucoma. Measurements performed in the first, tenth, thirtieth day do not differ in groups, but edema restitutin in the 30-th day was observed in all observed groups.
Ivan Bogosavljević, Ivan Marjanović, Miloš Gašić, Marija Božić, Vesna Marić, Jana Mirković, Mona Varga, Milena Šaranović, Miroslav Jeremić
01.01.2019.
Case Reports
PRIMARY MEDIASTINAL LARGE B-CELL LYMPHOMA
Introduction: Primary mediastinal large B cell lymphoma is a rare highly aggressive form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and occurs in 5-7% of all diffuse large B lymphoma and 2% of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Originates from thymic medullary cells and has its own histogenesis. Typically affects young women in the third and fourth decade of life. Superior vena cava syndrome is present in more than 50% of cases, with swelling of face, hands, deep venous thrombosis, dyspnea, dysphagia, chest pain, headache and cough. Diagnosis is made by histopathological analysis and immunohistochemical surgical biopsy specimens obtained mediastinoscopy. Timely treatment with cycles of monoclonal antibody and chemotherapy is requirement to relapse and stable state.
Case outline: Patient, 37 years old, came for the first time for review at General practice because she has been repeatedly visited emergency service due to coughing, feeling that something is strangling, the lack of air pressure and pain in the head and swelling of face and neck. Started detailed diagnostics. Radiologically determined mediastinal tumor, computed tomography confirmed it and sent to the referral Institute where video-assisted thoracic surgery and patho histology diagnosed PMBCL CSII AM +. Administered six cycles of rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisolone therapy protocols submitted by the expected side effects. Control positron emission tomography found that the tumor mass completely withdrawn. In remission for two years, have a good feeling and occurs at regular checkups.
Conclusion: General practice has a big responsibility in recognizing early symptoms of malignant disease that accelerates
the diagnosis and timely start of treatment.
B.S. Knežević, Z.I. Gajović, M.N. Petrović
01.12.2019.
Original scientific paper
HISTOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND VOLUME DENSITY OF ELASTIC FIBERS IN THE DERMIS DURING AGING
Introduction: Elastic fibers are constituents of the dermal extracellular matrix, determining the histoarchitecture of the
dermal connective tissue. Organization and density of elastic fibers change as skin ages. The aim of this paper was to determine the similarities and differences between the photo-aging and the physiological aging of skin by examining organization and quantifying the elastic fibers in the dermis during aging. The material included samples of photoexposed and photoprotected skin, obtained from 90 cadavers aged 0-82 years. The samples were classified into five age groups: newborns, young age, middle age, mature age and the oldest age. Skin samples were stained using the Halmi modification of Aldehyd fucshin staining method, as well as Alcian blue staining (the Spicer method). Volume density (VD) of the elastic fibers was measured using Image J program.
Results: In the skin of newborns and young age group (neck and abdomen) elastic fibers appeared to form a network structure. In the photoexposed skin of the mature age and the oldest group, elastic fibers showed tendency to fragment, while the elastic material exhibited tendency to accumulate. VD of elastic network in the skin of the neck in the middle, mature and the oldest age group was greater than VD of abdominal skin of the respective age groups (3.66±0.28%, 5.61±0.22%, 6.24±0.21% respectively). Age-related statistically significant increase in VD of the elastic network in the skin of the neck, as well as a statistically significant reduction of elastic network VD in the abdominal skin, has been observed (middle age - oldest).
Conclusion: Correlation of the organization and quantity of elastic fibers with age exhibits different pattern in photoexposed compared to photoprotected skin. A quantitative evaluation of the volume density of elastic fibers correlates with clinically visible signs of photo-aging, primarily with solar elastosis.
Snežana Leštarević, Predrag Mandić, Milica Mijović, Mirjan Dejanović, Dragan Marjanović, Suzan Matejić, Milan Filipović
01.12.2019.
Original scientific paper
CLINICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MALIGNANT MELANOMA
Melanoma is the most aggressive skin cancer that has a tendency of early lymphatic and hematogenous metastasis. Surgical excision constitutes as a methods of treatment. Early diagnosis is the key to successful treatment of melanoma, which is primarily associated with Breslow and Clark grading. The aim of this study was to investigate these and other prognostic parameters such as the age, the gender and the anatomical distribution of melanoma, macroscopic and histological type of melanoma, the size and the remains of the tumor tissue at the surgical margins. We analysed biopsy material of Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine in Pristina from 2004 to 2017. year. We found that melanoma were more common at older men (average age of 68.5 ± 14.6 years), most common location was back, head and neck, upper and lower extremities, where were frequent occurrence of metastasis (Clark IV). Larger tumors require a wider excision. The greatest incidence was nodular type melanoma and predominant histological were epitheloid type melanoma. Between the size of the tumor masses and the depth of invasion there were no statistically significant positive correlation, which leads to the conclusion that the Clark and Breslow can be used as prognostic factors because they are mutually comparable.
Jasmina Mitrović, Aleksandar Ćorac
01.12.2019.
Original scientific paper
EXAMINATION OF THE IMPACT OF CHARACTERISTICS OF THE HEALTH ISSUES, LENGTH OF TIME SINCE THEMYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AND COMORBIDITY TO THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF DISEASED OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Introduction: Acute myocardial infarction is a common and urgent disease with potentially poor prognosis, so the examination of the quality of life of diseased and all factors that affect it are very important. Objective of the paper is to examine the impact of the characteristics of the health issues, thelength of time since the myocardial infarction as well as the comorbidity to the quality of life of diseased of myocardial infarction.
Methods: In order to assess the impact of acute myocardial infarction on the quality of life of diseased, a retrospectiveprospective study was conducted, designed as a cross sectional study. The followingwas used during the research: sociodemographic questionnaire, questionnaire for assessment of health status, comorbidity and characteristics of health issues of patients and Short Form 36 Health Survey, i.e. SF-36. Statistical analysis of data was made using the SPSS software statistical program.
Results: The study covered 175 subjects, of which 113 (64.6%) were male and 62 (35.4%) female. In relation to the time of diagnosis of AMI in 29.7% of subjects, the diagnosis was set in the last month, while in the remaining 70.3% it was diagnosed in the last year to a month. The highest number of respondents (68.6%) felt a strong pain before reporting to a healthinstitution for treatment, 63.4% of the respondents had cardiovascular comorbidity and the highest number of respondents (83.4%) has diagnosed arterial hypertension. Physical functioning (65.48: 81.42) (t = -6.841; p = 0.001), limitation due to physical health (51.44: 76.62) (t = -7.364; p = 0.001), the presence of bodily pains (35.88: 57.05) (t = - 7.943; p = 0.001), general health (59.04: 75.75) (t = -7.277; p = 0,001), vitality (52.78: 56.99) (t = -4.796; p = 0.001), social functioning (39.42: 63.31) (t = -7.099; p = 0.001), limitation due to emotional problems (33.97: 61.51) = -6.693; p = 0.001) and mental health (36.69: 53.97) (t = -7.714; p = 0.001) are domains in which there is a high statistically significant difference in mean values between groups of subjects compared to the time of diagnosis, whereby respondents which diagnosis was set in the last year to a month have statistically significantly better quality of health compared to those which diagnosis was set in the last month. When it comes to a common measure of physical health and mental health, a group of subjects diagnosed in the last year to a month also showed statistically significantly better results than respondents in whom AMI diagnosis was found in the last month (t = -4.152; p = 0.001; t = -7.147; p = 0.001).
Discussion: The quality of life related to health is significantly lower in subjects diagnosed with AMI in the last month compared to respondents who have been diagnosed in the last year to a month and between groups of subjects of different sexes there is no statistically significant difference in any of the quality life domains related to health. When it comes to the age of respondents, HRQOL is significantly higher in all domains of physical and mental health in the younger group of respondents.
Conclusion: Myocardial infarction affects the quality of life of the diseased,which is significantly better in the younger age group compared to the older respondents, and does not differ in relation to gender. The quality of life of patients with myocardial infarction differs in relation to the time since myocardial infarction and those diagnosed with AMIduring the reception to the hospital in the last month have significantly lower quality of life compared to subjects with AMI diagnosed in the last year to a month. The quality of life of patients with myocardial infarction is worse if the health issues are more expressed and there is comorbidity.
Ljiljana Kulić, Milica Vujović
01.01.2019.
Professional reviews
PRINCIPLES OF OXYGEN ADMINISTRATION AND VENTILTORY SUPPORT IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE EXACERBATIONS OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) significantly reduces quality of life and is one of the main causes of chronic morbidity and mortality worldwide. Acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) is a life-threatening condition that causes rapid deterioration of respiratory symptoms (worsening of dyspnea, cough and/or abundant sputum production) requiring urgent treatment. This review article examines the evidence underlying supplemental oxygen therapy and ventilator support during exacerbations of COPD. In the introduction, we discuss the epidemiology and pathophysiology of hypercapnic respiratory failure, and then we explain that the key to achieving appropriate levels of oxygenation is using controlled low-flow oxygen therapy. In patients with risk of hypercapnia a target oxygen saturation (SaO ) range of 88%–92% 2 is now generally accepted unless hypercapnia is disproved by gas analysis of arterial blood. However, if the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood (PaCO ) is normal, oxygen therapy may target the usual saturation range of 94%–98%. 2 Many COPD patients may have a lower stable SaO , such that chasing this target (94%-98%) is not usually necessary unless 2 the patient is unwell. Further, we review current recommendations for ventilatory support in patients with AEHOBP. Noninvasive ventilation has assumed an important role in managing patients with acute respiratory failure. The use of invasive ventilation is the last remaining option, associated with a poor outcome.
S. Trpković, A. Pavlović, N. Videnović, O. Marinković, A. Sekulić
01.01.2019.
Professional paper
OXIDATIVE STRES PARAMETERS IN PATIENTS WITH MENIERE DISEASE
Introduction: The role of oxidative stres in patients with Meniere disease (MD), is still unresearched.
The aim: The aim was to compare serum levels of total and direct bilirubin, albumins, uric acid and creatinine as antioxidative status parameters in patients with MD with healthy controls, and patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).
Methods: We divided patients in three groups - 85 MD patients, 75 healthy controls (HC) and 72 MS patients. Patients with
MD were divided into groups according to sex, age at the time of the disease onset, and number of attacs per year. Severity
of clinical presentation during the attack was assessed by Vertigo Symptom Scale.
Results: The serum levels of all parameters were significantly lower in MD and MS group compared to the healthy control
group (p<0.05). Regarding severity of clinical presentation we found strong correlation (p<0.001) which indicates lower
antioxidant status in patients with severe clinical presentation.
Conclusion: The results of our research showed significantly lower values of all investigated parameters in MD group
related to the healthy controls, which could suggest a potential role of oxidative process in MD patophysiology.
A. Stojanov, J. Stojanov
01.01.2019.
Professional paper
THE IMPACT OF OCCUPATIONAL STRESS ON WORK ABILITY OF ELECTRICIANS
Introduction The testing of stressors and the impact of stress on health and work ability of electricians working in workplaces with a special health risk is very important.
OBJECTIVE is to examine the impact of occupational stress on the ability of electricians to work.
METHODS The research was designed as a cross sectional study and covered 108 respondents, classified into two groups: electricians (52) and control group (56) made up of administrative workers. The survey included the following: Questionnaire on basic sociodemographic indicators of respondents, IRS Questionnaire, Work Ability Index (WAI) Questionnaire, General Health Questionnsire (GHQ), Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) and Occupational Stress Assessment Questionnaire. Data analysis was performed with SPSS.
RESULTS The frequency of different categories of WAI score is uniform between the tested groups (p = 0.155). Work ability is poor in 11.5%, moderate in 25%, good in 26.90% and excellent in 36.5% of electricians. The frequency of different categories of WAI score is aligned between the tested groups (p = 0.155). By analyzing all components of IRS score, it was found that there is a statistically significant difference in the components between the electricians and the control group: requirements (p <0.001) and work role (p <0.001); GHQ is higher in electricians, but no statistically significant difference was found (p = 0.082); CBI is statistically significantly higher in electricians (p <0.001) and WAI score is statistically significantly higher in electricians (p = 0.039). In the overall population, the 10 strongest stressors were ranked and statistically significant difference in all stressors (p <0.001) between the electrician and the control group was shown. The values of the stressors are equal in relation to WAI score categories. In the electricians, the strongest stressors are: night work (4.60), hazards (4.58), shift work (4.54), working overtime (4.46), time limit for individual tasks (4.44), fear of injuries (4.42), pressure of time limits for execution of tasks (4.23), work overload (4.22), inadequate work space (4.18) and daily unforeseen situations (4.10). Average value of all stressors among electricians is 2.87 ± 1.10 (Min 1.10, Max 4.60). In the tested population, 14 different stressors have higher values than the average value of all stressors. In the control group, the average value of all stressors is 1.84 ± 0.33 (Min. 1.17, Max 2.69). Correlation analysis has shown that there is a correlation of age with shift work (r = 0.130, p = 0.013) and working overtime (r = -0.220, p <0.001). URS is statistically significantly related to the time limit for individual tasks (r = 0.149, p = 0.005) and pressure of time limits for execution of tasks (r = 0.125, p = 0.017). ERS is statistically significantly related to night work (r = 0.169, p = 0.001), shift work (r = 0.160, p = 0.002), time limit for execution of tasks (r = 0.203, p <0.001) pressure of time limits for execution of tasks (r = 0.194, p <0.001), work overload (r = 0.128, p = 0.017) and inadequate work space (r = 0.122, p = 0.022). The subjective assessment of work ability in relation to physical (p = 0.010) and psychological requirements (p <0.001) is statistically significantly lower in electricians compared to control group. DISCUSSION By analyzing all components of IRS score, it is found that there is a statistically significant difference between the electricians and the control group in the requirements and the working role components. In the overall population, the top 10 stressors were ranked and it was shown that there was a statistically significant difference in all stressors between the electricians and the control group. The average value of all stressors in the electricians is high and a large number (14) of different stressors have higher values than the average value of all the stressors. The subjective assessment of work ability in relation to physical and mental requirements is statistically significantly worse in electricians than in control group. More than half of electricians went on sick leave (mostly short leaves) during the previous year.
CONCLUSION Occupational stress significantly affects work ability of electricians. Values of WAI score are statistically significantly higher in electricians, and values of stressors are equal in relation to WAI score categories. Correlation analysis has shown there is a correlation between age, URS and ERS with individual stressors.
Lj. Kulić, J. Jovanović, M. Galjak, V. Krstović Spremo, S. Đurić, M. Mirković, J. Milošević, J. Jovanović
01.01.2019.
Case Reports
SPECIFIC PATTERN OF F-2-FLUORO-2-DEOXY-D-GLUCOSE POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY IN DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF ALZHEIMER DISEASE: CASE REPORT
Introduction: Dementia is a clinical diagnosis based on deficits of intellectual function, usually memory. Primarily neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by progressive neuronal damages and its synapsis. Early-onset Alzheimer disease 18 occurs in someone younger than 65. FDG-PET/CTis a quantitative tomographic technique also calleda biomarker of neuronal activity.
Case outline: A female of 54, mother, 12 years of education, an accountant, was sent to FDG-PET/CT brain scan because of loss of memory, social withdrawal, apathy, behavior changes, troubles with paying bills, speaking difficulties with no structural imaging abnormalities. PET scan reviled glucose hypometabolism in parietal lobes, left posterior cingulum, parietotemporal regions, the left parietooccipital region, left insula and temporal lobes. A male of 43, father, army corporal, 12 years of education, was sent to metabolic hybrid imaging because suspected dementia. He expressed progressive behavior decline, in a year time. The patient wasn't cooperative, could not concentrate and confabulated a lot. Forgetfulness, decline in voluntary dynamics and apathy dominated the clinical presentation. Structural imaging showed supratentorial, right precentral gyri solitary lesion and cortical bilateral hypocampal atrophy. FDG scan reviled distinctively diminished glucose metabolism posteriorly in parietal and temporal lobes, both posterior cingulum. SPM analysis confirmed the visually observed pattern of hypometabolism in both patients.
Conclusion: Depression is an important consideration in the differential diagnosis of AD. Early detection of AD through molecular imaging techniques will assist the choice of medications to slow the progression of the disease and optimize patient care.
B. Radović, L. Brajkovic, S. Nikolic
01.01.2019.
Case Reports
FATAL ASPIRATION OF GRAIN CORN - CASE REPORT
Introduction: Asphyxiation by aspiration- inhalation of foreign bodies is a form of violent mechanical asphyxia and can occur at any age, most commonly in children and the elderly. In children up to third age choking is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Mortality due to aspiration of foreign bodies is higher in children because of the relatively narrow airways and less developed protective mechanisms. The size, type, shape and place of obstruction with foreign body leads to the diversity of clinical picture.
Case report. We present the case of a 15 month-old girl, who was found by her mother in her house in a village, lying down, cyanotic, collapsed, without breathing. Autopsy showed that the cause of death was acute respiratory obstruction with impacted grains of corn in two places, on the larynx entrance and in the right bronchus.
Conclusion. The diagnosis of death by asphyxiation due to aspiration of foreign bodies is set at autopsy, when the place of airway occlusion is found. If a foreign body was removed during providing assistance, the diagnosis would be made based on medical records or history data of persons who were provided assistance. In cases of sudden deaths of young children, in order to clarify pathophysiological mechanism and mode of death in each case, a pathologist should always keep in mind the possibility of aspiration of foreign bodies, and in accordance with this, carefully apply appropriate autopsy techniques to locate the place of obstruction, with special regard to local finding in airways.
F. Juković, S. Matejić