The existence of left ventricular hypertrophy is an independent prognostic factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Heterogenous factors lead to left myocardial hypertrophy. The most frequently factors are: arterial hypertension, valvular heart disease (aortic stenosis and insufficiency, mitral insufficiency), hypertrophic myocardiopathy, left myocardial hypertrophy after myocardial infarction... For making the diagnosis of left ventricular myocardial hypertrophy used electrocardiography („voltage“ and „repolarization“ criteria) and echocardiography. Echocardiography is the gold standard for diagnosis of left ventricular myocardial hypertrophy. Left ventricular mass was estimated by the modified formula 3 3 using measurements obtained in accordance with the Penn convention: MLK = 1,04 (LDDd+PWDd+IVSDd) - (LVDd) - 13,6 Where LDDd is diastolic left ventricular internal dimension, IVSDd is diastolic ventricular septal thickness and PWDd 2 is diastolic posterior left ventricular wall thickness in diastole. LV mass indexed by body surface area (g/m ). By Penn con2 2 vention left ventricular hypertrophy criteria were ≥134 g/m for men and ≥110 g/m for women.

Metabolic syndrome is a common metabolic disorder whose primary feature is abdominal obesity, which is associated with a high prevalence of dyslipidemia, hypertension and glucose tolerance disorders. The goal was, determine BMI in subjects with metabolic syndrome and people with normal body weight, take anthropometric parameters (waist and hip circumference, and calculate WHR and WSR index) to assess the average degree of nourishment and body fat distribution. The research was conducted in Gracanica Health House. The study group consisted of 130 subjects that met the criteria for metabolic syndrome. The control group consisted of 40 randomly selected subjects during medical check-ups. The study group was dominated by female with 83. 08%, followed by 16. 92% of male subjects, with the average age of subjects being 56. 32 years. The average BMI index of the study group was 32. 22 kg/m², which indicates first-degree obesity, while the average BMI index of study group subjects was 24. 67 kg/m², which is within the normal nutrition range. By comparing the average values of anthropometric parameters, we established that the study group subjects had statistically significantly higher average body weight parameters (waist-to-hip ratio p<0,001), while the control group subjects had a higher average of body height (p<0,001). In both, study and control group, male subjects had a normal WHR, which is not the case with women. Therefore, there was a statistically significantly higher number of women with pathological WHR (p<0,001) than of men in both groups. The study group had a statistically significantly higher number of subjects with pathological WHR (p<0,001). The average WSR value (waist/BH) is statistically significantly higher in the control group (p<0,001). Obese individuals had significantly higher values of measured anthropometric intraabdominal fat indicators compared to normally nourished people. 

The metabolic syndrome is characterized by a group of metabolic risk factors causing type 2 diabetes (DM2) and cardiovascular diseases. At the heart of this pathogenic disorder is insulin resistance. The metabolic syndrome is often accompanied by diseases of the gallbladder (chronic inflammations and calculosis). The goal of our study was to observe the changes made on the gallbladder with patients diagnosed with the metabolic syndrome, specifically the presence of calculosis and cholecystitis. The study involved 130 patients with the metabolic syndrome and 40 healthy subjects, all of which were subjected to abdominal ultrasonography. Gallbladder calculosis was found in 36,92% subjects of the study group and 12,50% subjects of the control group, resulting in a statistically considerable difference (p<0,001). The results of our study indicate a significant presence of biliary calculosis as one of the manifestations of the metabolic syndrome on the biliary system.

Introduction: Approximately 15-23% of the general population have had urticarial rush during their lives. Goal: Examination of the urticarial frequency and urticarial etiopathogenesis among hospitalized patients. Sources and methodology: Retrospective analysis of the data extracted from patients' medical history at the Clinical Center of Kragujevac, Department for Dermatology and Venereology. Statistical methods used include proportional relations with tabular and graphical representation of the results gathered. Results: Out of 228 hospitalized patients in 2007, total of 28 (or 12.28%) were treated for Urticaria. The disease is more frequent among the following groups of patients: female population (total of 23, or 82.1%); people between 30 and 60 years of age (total of 15, or 53.6%); urban area population (total of 24, or 85.7%); patients with Dg. Urticaria acuta diagnosis (total of 19, or 67.8%); Dg. Oedema Quincke (total of 6, or 21, 4%); et people with cardiovascular diseases (total of 9, or 32.2%). The disease is more frequent in Spring, during the period April-June (11 patients, or 39.3%) with the greatest frequency in May (7 patients, or 25%). According to etiological samples the most prominent types of Urticaria among patients were: idiopathic (13 patients, or 46.4%), due to medications (5 patients, or 17.9%), nutritional origin (4 patients, or 14.3%), psychological factors (3 patients, or 10.7%). Considering complications, 6 patients (21.4%) had Quincke's Oedema, while 7 patients (25%) had allergic reactions to penicillin. Regarding outcome of the disease, total of 23 patients (82.1%) have been successfully cured. Discussion et Conclusion: The greatest number of serious urticarias with complications has been inducted by non-physical factors, mostly of immunological nature, while physically inducted urticaria have had less severe symptoms and required shorter time to cure. Nevertheless, exact causes for most types of urticaria are unknown, so continual research of causes, as well as courses, complications and treatments of this serious disease is necessary.

Background: Cardiovascular disease is the predominant cause of morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis patients. Left ventricular hypertrophy is a major cardiovascular risk factor in hemodialysis patients.The present study was aimed at assessing the prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy by doppler echocardiography in hemodialysis patients. Methods: We studied 20 patients on maintenance hemodialysis in Dialysis Centre in Kosovska Mitrovioca. LV mass was measured by both Doppler echocardiography. Left ventricular mass was estimated by the modified formula using measure2 ments obtained in accordance with the Penn convention. Left ventricular mass was divided by body surface area in m to obtain the left ventricular mass index. Results:This clinical observation study involved 20 patients (9 males and 11 females) with end-stage renal diseases undergoing maintenance hemodialysis with a mean age of 55,26 years, mean time on dialysis was 38,74 months. Main causes for developing chronic renal failure was arterials hypertension and polycystic kidney. Arterial hypertension (60%), diabetes mellitus (20%) and hyperholesterolemia (10%), were the most frequent risk factors for cardiovascular disease among the dialysis patients. Left ventricular hypertrophy were detected in 14 (70%) patients. Mean left ventricular mass wass 153,62g/m2 (males), and 142,71 g/m2 (females). To conclude, the present study shows that hemodialysis patients have higher left ventricular mass and higher prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy.

Conclusion about efficacious of some medication can be given based on reducing morbidity and mortality in patients treated with that medication.. Aim of this work was to estimate intrahospital mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), role of myocardial reinfarction in that and side effects of medications in patients who were different treated in initial phase of AMI, based on what they were separated in three different therapeutic groups: group treated with thrombolytic therapy, group treated with beta-blockers and group treated with nitrates. It was shown that intrahospital mortality is highest in patients treated with nitrates but there was not significant difference between thera-peutic groups in frequency of myocardial reinfarction while frequency of complications and side effects were in range as in others similar studies.

Heart insufficiency is frequent and important complication of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Aim of this work was to estimate frequency, haevyness and course of heart insufficiency in patients with AMI who were different treated in initial phase of AMI, based on what they were separated in three different therapeutic groups: group treated with thrombolytic therapy, group treated with beta-blockers and group treated with nitrates. It was shown that time of admission and condition of patient in moment of admission is the key factor for choise of therapy but using of therapy making less frequency and heavyness of heart insufficiency while for cases with most difficult forms of insufficiency of heart as a pump thrombolytic therapy is practically only posible choice

Diabetes mellitus with one`s chronical complications is the cause of the large percent morbidites and mortality, among the population. With regard to a lot of people who have diabetes mellitus tip 2 (WHO-over 170.000.000 peoples), adequate therapy is very important. By this stady, we wont to show positive consequence new therapy for medication diabetes mellitus typ 2, chiefly application tiazolidinedion in therapy. Handlend 25 patientis with diabetes mellitus typ 2 during 3-mounth observed. Patients were divide in II groups forms on basic of the kind therapy. At the end of 3-mounth, derived results (decrease HbA1c from 7.9%±1.24% to 6.99±0.89%; data value fasting glycemia from 8.99mmol/l±2.08 mmol/l to 7.45±1.35 mmol/l, and value glycemia after meal 10.36 mmol/l±2.18 mmol/l to 8.18 mmol/l±1.31 mmol/l) indicate validity the introduction tiazolidinedion in therapy diabetes mellitus type 2.

Eosinophilic Granuloma (EG) represent the most benign and localized form of the three Langerhans cell histiocytosis syndromes. In bone, it is a tumor-like proliferation Langerhans cells. Intraosseous EG lesions can be solitary or multifocal. EG accounts for 60-70 % of Langerhans cells histiocytosis cases. The authors are describle a 21 year-old men with Eosinophilic granuloma. The disease had a rarely course with disorders multiple lesions in bones

Sjögren'ssyndrom is autoimmune disorder where cells of immune system afack and destroy eccrine glands which produce tears and spit. We have a patients with following problems: dryness of the bucal lining and conjunctiva, dysphagia of solid food, paint in joints amd muscles, hand sensitivity to coldness.