In the study with experimental animals in vitro conditions, the aim of the research was to examine the effect of verapamil on the even brawniness of the isolated organ of the respiratory ways (tracheas) in guinea-pigs on acetylcholine and histamine, and in that way, to examine local mechanisms of smooth muscle system but also to exclude the rest of the neurohumoral influences. The guinea-pigs of both sexes (average weight of 500-700 gr), were used for this experiment. 10 guinea-pigs were included in the experimental research; the trachea was taken from them after the immolation. The preparations of isolated organs of trachea were divided into two groups (A and B). The previous incubation of trachea -5 isolated by verapamil (1 minute) in concentration 10 M significantly reduced the contraction caused by acetylcholine -4 (ascent 21.49±9.63, r=0.97, p<0.05). Concentration of verapamil 10 M also caused significant fall of contraction (ascent -5 21.3±12.63, r=0.95, p<0.05). Verapamil in concentration 10 M significantly reduces the response of isolated trachea cau- -6 -5 -4 sed by histamine in concentrations 10 M and 10 M (slope 21.3±10.6, r=0.96, p<0.05).Concentration of verapamil 10 M significantly reduced the contraction of smooth muscles of isolated trachea caused by histamine (slope 15.46±10.47, r= 0.94, p < 0.05).

L-carnitine is assorted with non-vitamin nutritives (metavitamines) on the grounds of importance to the living process, while itb similar to aminoacids in terms of structure. It has multistructural role in functioning of an organism while one of the most important and best investigated roles is the sphere of energizing metabolism because it is needed for the transport of the longchain fatty acids into the mitochondria where they are subject to a β oxidation. It has widespread clinical application in prevention and therapy of: genetic and secondarycarnithine deficiency, cardiovascular disease, lipid metabolism disorder, carbohydrate metabolism disorder, aciduria of organic acids, renal and liver insuficiency, neuropathy, miopathy, as well as the means for improvent of fitness capacites of sportsmen. L-carnitine is crucial part of organism of mamals, therefore it can be applied in relatively big doses whereby it requires no detoxication in liver, on the contrary, it significaty increases its detoxication capacites. Key words: L-carnitine, Physiology, Prevention , Therapy. L-carnitine is assorted with non-vitamin nutritives (metavitamines) on the grounds of importance to the living process, while itb similar to aminoacids in terms of structure. It has multistructural role in functioning of an organism while one of the most important and best investigated rol condarycarnithine deficiency, cardiovascular disease, lipid metabolism disorder, carbohydrate metabolism disorder, aciduria of organic acids, renal and liver insuficiency, neuropathy, miopathy, as well as the means for improvent of fitness capacites of sportsmen. L-carnitine is crucial part of organism of mamals, therefore it can be applied in relatively big doses whereby it requires no detoxication in liver, on the contrary, it significaty increases its detoxication capacites.

Artrial hypertension is a very serious social-medical probleme as such has an epidemic characteristics according to high prevalence at incidence frequency disease of young, a high death rate, there is also a somewhat difficult erly diagnosis at the early stages of illnes due to unspecified clinical examination in majority of diseased. On the basis of etiology, arterial hypertension is divived into: primary (essential) and secondary (symptomatologic). According to the current criteria, primary arterial hypertension is considered to be all the cases where etiology cannot identify only the cause or a specific structural change in a organ. It instead causes a larger number of etiological factors by their group actions which are called risk factors.Including the secondary hypertension all cases at arterial hypertension are classified und there can be seen a specific structural change in an organ and disorder of it's function. The aim of our work was to determinate which were the familiar risk factors in development of arterial hypertension and it's domination to inhabitants of Zubin Potok considering high prevalence of arterial hypertension out of 6500 inhabitants in the infirmary of Zubin Potok, 2450 patients are registrated with arterial hypertension. Examination is performed to 100 patients with primary arterial hypertension by prospectus analysis which are registrated consecutively in the interval of two months by biochemicals parametars, a height of systolic and dyastolic arterial pressure and BMI. By means of questionnaire the rest of risk factors are gathered with a piece of data smoking, alchoholism and stress. During the examination we determined that the most typics risk factor is disorder of metabolism of lypoproteins, and important pathothysiological mechanism in development of arterial hypertension is reduction of HDLcholesterol, which can be one of indirect indentifier of oxidative stress.

Epileptic status is one of the most urgent conditions in medicine, whose positive outcome is directly dependent of adequate treatment. The estimation of epileptic status incidence is not available. According to population studies, the incidence varies from 16 to 18 at a sample of 100000 people. The status treatment consists of a line of procedures whose goal is to stop it in as little time as possible. Medication therapy is the basis of it, and it is needed that intravenous medications are used urgently in an adequate dose, at an adequate speed (intravenous burden dose), with an adequate symptomatic therapy and correction of eventual provocation status factors. General medications used to initially treat the status are benzodiazepines, fenitoin and fenobarbiton. Randomized studies have shown that lorazepam has pharmacokinetic advantages over diazepam and that it doesn't initiate respiratory depression as often as midazolam. Also, it is more efficient than fenitoin, and more efficient than fenobarbiton. Medication treatment is confirmed to be efficient at breaking the status at nearly all of the patients, but the final outcome depends on the initial cause. If the status cannot be ended by application of conventional doses of basic medications, then a refractory status may be discussed. It may be treated by a prolonged anesthesia using barbiturates, midazolam or lorazepam.

Modulation of potassium channels is a recent modern approach to experimental and clinical investigation of potential better tocolytic medications. Assuming that potassium channels are by far the largest category of cellular ion channels, they are of crucial importance for the regulation of uterine smooth muscle tone. In the vast category of potassium channels, Maxi-K and BKCa (highly conductive, calcium-activated channels) are considered the main channels in the myometrium. It is believed that those have a key role in the modulation of uterine contractility and the homeostasis of myometrial calcium. The total number of Maxi-K channels is doubled during the onset of labor, compared to their number in pregnant and non-pregnant myometrium. We also keep getting more familiar with the characterization and control of myometrial potassium channels. Certain effects of pharmacological potassium channel modulators in isolated parts of both human and animal, both pregnant and non-pregnant myometrium will be presented in this article. Even though there have been a lot of studies on this subject, not many of them mentioned the role and modulation of potassium channels during human labor. We are still looking for the substances that will perform best in the treatment of possible miscarriages and early labor; although the use of beta sympathomimetics and calcium channel antagonists has been a major breakthrough in treatment of these pregnancy disorders. Using new tocolytic medications and a selective approach to cases of early labor, along with the use of other adequate measures, could improve the treatment of early labor in the future.

Transition of xenobiotics from blood into brain tissue is limited by the blood-brain barrier (BBB), a very selective functional barrier that excludes penetration of various substances, while allowing essential nutrients to enter into CNS. Transport of drugs through the intact BBB depends of their physico-chemical characteristics, the way of drug application and of anatomical and functional integrity of the barrier. The aim of this work was to examine penetration of quinine and lysinacetylsalicilate in vivo through the rat BBB, after the intraarterial injection via the a. axillaris in the course to CNS. The
experiment was done on anaesthetized Wistar rats, body weight 200-300 g. Test animals received injection of quinine (25 mg/kg) or LAS (90 mg/kg). Blood from the left jugular vein and brain samples (brain stem, cerebellum, right and left cerebral hemispheres) were taken in four minutes period. Quinine concentrations in rat brain were higher than in blood (ratio between blood/brain concentration was <1) while LAS concentrations in blood were permanently higher, according to their liposolubility. Maximal concentration in the brain tissue of both drugs are time dependent which indicated the useness of an active transport

One the of most importante charactersistics of drug is a drug safety. However, there is no absolute safety. Medicines are troughly tested in controlled clinical trials with limiting population and short duration. Experience has shown that much of our knowledge about a medicine becomes available during the subsequent prescribing practice. Therefore there is a need for continued monitoring medicines after granting of product licence for a new drug (phrmacovigilance). WHO international system for drug safety monitoring as maintained by the Upsala Monitoring Centre (UMC) in Sweden, has built up vastedatabase of reports of suspect adverse drug reactions, coming from national centres in 75 countries in all of the world. The international system products valuable information from countries around the world, to support regulatory follow-up and decision-making. Emphasis is on those signals that may remain at the national level, because of small numbers or absence of local reports. The aim of the WHO's international pharmacovigilance program is a safe and rational medicines evrywhere. In Serbia as of 2005. National Medical Devices Agency is acting on behalf of the Ministry of Health as National Centre for Adverse Drug Reactions. The form for reporting adverse effects of medicines, in both pre-marketing and post-marketing phase can be found and downloaded in Word format on the Agency`s web site www.alims.sr.gov.yu.

Considering its importance in cell replication and differentiation, programmed cell death, DNA transcription, function of hormones, biological membranes and immunological system, zinc probably has a major role in enabling a proper
function of different tissues, organs and organic system in general. As an essential micronutrient wich is directly involved in metabolizm of insulin, zinc play important role in pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and its complications. On the other hand, low zinc absorption and hyperzincuria in diabetic animals and humans have indicated that diabetics are more susceptibile to zinc deficiency compared to healthy persons. Inasmuch as zinc plays an important role in syntesis, storage and secretion of insulin as well as conformational integrity of insulin in the hexameric form, zinc deficiency may adversely affect the ability of the islet Numerous studies suggested that urinary zinc excretion was higher in diabetes mellitus, probably as result of hyperglycemia. In contribution, there are findings about correlation between urinary zinc excretion and blood glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in non-insulin dependent diabetic patients. Recent experimental investigations showed that zinc supplementation inhibited NF-kB activation in the pancreas and decreased the expression of inducibile nitric oxide synthase, a downstream target gene of NF-kB. The ability of zinc to modulate NF-kB activation in the diabetogenic pathway may be the key mechanism for zinc's protective effect and important criterion for choosing nutritional strategies for diabetes mellitus prevention.

The aim of the paper was to investigate whether nutrition based on animal fats in the group of patients who used them as dominant-group S ( the patients of Greek Orthodox creed), is a more signifikant risk factor in the development of stroke than nutrition based on vegetable fats-group A( the patients of Muslim creed). At the same time, the aim of the article was to find the parameters of lipid status which would define in a better way the connection between hypercholesterolemia and apoplexy. The research was done on 230 patients with ischemic CVI who underwent hospital treatment at the Neurological Clinic of the Clinical-Hospital Centre in Pristine. The patients at the Neurological Clinic of the Clinical-Hospital Centre in Pristine were divided into two groups: Group A (n=130)- the patients who based their nutrition mailnly on vegetable fats (the patients of Muslim creed) and Group S (n=100)- the patients who based their nutrition mainly on saturated fats ( the patients of Geek Orthodoc creed). It was stated that the intake of both vegetable and animal fats in larger quantities bears a risk of the development of the cerebra-vascular insult. The intake of saturated fats is a higher risk factor leading to the increased values of cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol in the group of patiebts of Greek Orthodox creed (group S) in comparison to the group of patients of Muslim creed (groupA).

Cardiovascular diseases are one of the most significant social-medical problems. Having on mind their importance, the risk factors have been defined. Numerous clinical and epidemiological studies showed that deficit of magnesium in the human organism has a certain contribution in etiology, pathogenesis and evolution of cardiovascular diseases. RASKO, Rakovica's study of cardiovascular diseases, found out that these diseases are more frequent at the locations where
soft water with decreased content of magnesium is being used as drinking water. Magnesium is an integral part of about 300 enzyme systems in which catalyst's role have adenositriphospathase as Mg-ATP, a part of NaKATP-ase, exogenous and endogenous pumps for calcium, etc. A normal plasmatic concentration of magnesium is 0,8-1 mmol/l. Plasmatic level of magnesium is not directly correlated with actually content in an organism since 33% of plasmatic magnesium is connected with plasma's proteins and that's why hypoproteinemia can cause a false hypomagnesemia. The normal values of magnesemia don't exclude deficit of magnesium in an organism since PTH and calcitonin mobilize magnesium from the bones. Hypomegnesemia is caused by improper and irrational nutrition, hormone disturbances, and different conditions and diseases of an organism. Magnesium has vasodiletatoric, antianginosic, hypolipemic, antiagregatic effects. Mechanism of magnesium's effect is based on its physiological role in an organism, i.e. on correction of hypomagnesemia. In preventive and therapeutic purposes magnesium's compounds are used peroraly and parenteraly. With parenteral use the plasmatic concentrations of more than physiological 2,5-7,5 mEq/l can be attained in which case somnolentia can be appeared but not a coma nor depression of breathing. In prevention and therapy of cardiovascular diseases magnesium has a significant place in the largest number of cases as an adjuvant drug