Disturbances of thyroid function are often accompanied by cognitive and affective disorders. Assessment of cognitive status in the patients with subclinical hypothyroidism represents a possibility for early diagnostics of cognitive impairment and timely introduction of necessary pharmacotherapy treatment. The aim of this study was to quantify whether there are P3 event related potential (ERP) deviations as electrophysiological markers of cognitive activity in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism. P300 potentials were examined in thirty patients with subclinical hypothyroidism and in 30 healthy subjects of the control group. P300 was recorded using the classic auditory oddball paradigm, with 20% of target and 80% of non-target stimuli. The results analysis showed a significantly longer latency P300 and reduced amplitude P300 in subjects with subclinical hypothyroidism compared to euthyroid subjects. There is also a statistically significant negative correlation between the results of a mini mental state examination and the P300 latency at Fz electrode (r= -0.47, p <0.01) and Cz electrode (r= -0.43, p =0.017). P300 ERP is important in the evaluation of patients with subclinical hypothyroidism, due to the sensitivity in the detection cognitive disorders.

During the armed conflict in Kosovo and Metohija, and after it, were killed more than 5 000 people, and according to the International Red Cross Committee in March 2001, 3,338 people were still missing. Until the conclusion of this study, the number of missing persons in Kosovo and Metohia for which the trail is about 1700. This list includes people from all ethnic communities. The primary objective of the forensic investigation is to determine the identity of the missing persons and after that their remains returne to the families, in accordance with Geneva protocols. Experts post-mortem examination after the exhumation determine the cause and manner of death, which indicates a violation of human rights and war crimes.Conclusion. We are facing with reasonable fear that with the passage of time, less interest will be devoted to this issue and the activities on finding and identifying missing persons will completely stop.

After the armed conflicts throughout the nineties of the twentieth century occurred in former Yugoslavia, identification of war victims is a challenging task. This paper gives a detailed description of exhumed remains identification process. One of the study objectives has been a comparison between DNA results and traditional forensic identification methods. This paper deals with the identification of human remains that were exhumed in Kosovo and Metohia in the period 2001-2012, belonging to Serbs and other non-Albanian ethnic communities (Montenegrins, Bosniaks, Roma, Gorani, and others), as well as much lower number of Albanians who were also killed during the war and post-war period.The experience of this process and the experience of other countries show that there is a need to organize appropriate services for identification of human remains in Serbia, capable to react effectively in case of mass disaster.

Researches with micronutrients are getting more and more important in science and also in practice. In this view zinc, chromium, copper and selenium are having a special role in preventing micro- and macrovascular diabetic complications, as integral components of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) and also as cofactor of enzymes and hormones involved in the metabolism of glucose and lipid. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects different doses of zinc on glycemia and parameters of antioxidative defense: superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant status (TAS), and correlation glycoregulation with antioxidant system of the alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits. The study was conducted on fourteen New Zealand rabbits of both sexes, weighing 2 to 3.5 kg. Experimental diabetes was induced in rabbits by intravenous injection of alloxan (80 mg /kg BW). Three weeks after induced experimental diabetes, rabbits were treated orally appropriate doses of chelated zinc: I dose - 15 mg, after a washout period (10 t ), II dose - 25 mg, af- 1/2 ter a washout period, III dose - 50 mg. Blood samples were taken at specific time intervals: before alloxan induced diabetes, after alloxan induced diabetes, after application the first dose of 15 mg of zinc, after application of a second dose of 25 mg of zinc, after application of third dose of 50 mg of zinc. The zinc preparation did not cause a statistically significant reduction in serum glucose level when administered in single doses 15, 25 and 50 mg in experimentally induced diabetic rabbits. However, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was significantly increased after single dose preparations of zinc at a dose 15 mg (p<0,05), 25 mg (p<0,001) and 50 mg (p<0,001) in relation to the activity recorded before the application of zinc. Also, after the application first, second, and than third dose of zinc in diabetic rabbits was recorded statistically significant increase of TAS in relation to the value recorded before the application of zinc (p<0,001). Glucose concentrations negatively correlated with superoxide dismutase activity. This indicates that oral application of zinc preparation can reduce the harmful effects of oxidative stress in diabetes.

Event-related potential which represents a large positive wave which varies in amplitude and depends on subject's capability as well as on stimulus modality on which subject needs to react and appears around 300 ms after stimulation is called event related potential P300. In 1965. Sutton and the assistants were the first to suggest division of evocated potentials, according to the stimulus that provoke them, on "exogenous" (under the influence of exogenous stimulus) and "endogenous" or "cognitive" provoked by endogenous stimulus, which depends on the state of consciousness (vigilance), attention, concentration and especially, the type of the task a subject needs to perform during the recording. One of the most studied responses of the event-related potentials is so called "P300", the late positive wave complex which appears around 300 500ms after the stimulus. It is gained when the subjects' attention is focused on the signal which rarely appears, especially if the signal has some emotional or motivational meaning. The aim of this work was to determine whether there was a difference in latency and amplitude of the event related potential P300 when the button is pushed with dominant hand compared with nondominant hand in both males and females. The experiment included 30 subjects (15 males and 15 females). P300 potential was provoked with the auditive "oddball" paradigm. Event-related potencial P300 is recorded with 10-20 system. Cz electrode is set in the middle of nazion-inion line, while Fz electrode is set on the third of nazion-inion line above frontal lobe. In classical "oddball" paradigm, when a subject reacted on the signal by pushing the button with dominant hand, the value of Fz end Cz latency was significantly shorter in comparison to the values of Fz end Cz latency gained by pushing the button with non-dominant hand (left hand) in males, while such differences were not found in females. 

Scientific researches considering the effects of glucagon on cardiovascular system show that glucagon has a certain cardiostimulative potential. The fact that glucagon accomplishes its cardiostimulative effects by activating its own, highly specific glucagonic receptors is of most importance. That's the reason why we've wanted to give more details about the effects that glucagon has on cardiovascular system in terms of having more precise image of its effects on hemodynamics and changes which can be seen on electrocardiogram. The experiment included six dogs treated with intravenous glucagon injection. Electrocardiograph and hemodynamic parameters (middle arterial pressure, central venous pressure and heart st nd rd th th th th th frequency) have been recorded in 1 , 2 , 3 , 5 , 10 , 20 , 30 and 40 minute. Electrocardiograph and heart frequency have been recorded by continuous monitoring. Middle arterial pressure has been recorded through catheter placed into a. femoralis while central venous pressure has been recorded through central venous catheter placed into v. femoralis. Having received the intravenous injection, glucagon shows extremely positive chronotropic effect, followed by ephemeral increase of middle arterial pressure, while central venous pressure has a significant decrease. Having received intravenous injection, P-R, Q-Tand T-Pinterval have been significantly shorten.

The most important characteristic of calcium channels is a selective regulation of a slow incoming current of calcium into the tissue cells with tendency of a slow growth of the action potential. Such tissues include smooth muscles of the blood vessels, cardiocities and hearth noduses (AVand SAnode). Different calcium antagonists have different influences on the mentioned tissues, because they also have different chemical components. Verapamil, Nifedipin and Diltiazem have the most common usage. Verapamil is a product of papaverine, nifedipin is a product of dehydroperidine while diltiazem is a product of benzodiazepine. Their common characteristic is blocking the calcium channels which cause blood vessels vasodilatation, negative inotropic and negative chronotropic influence. By blocking calcium to enter through channels spores of miofibrile smooth muscles, calcium antagonists are reducing the amount of available calcium for contraction, which causes vasodilatation. One of the best-known and the commonest calcium antagonist is verapamil. In electrophysiological terms, it inhibits action potential of the heart noduses (especially AV node), where the most important thing for depolarisation, is a slow entrance of calcium. By extending the refractory period of SA node, it reduces the frequency of impulse generation (heart frequency), while by extending the refractory period of AVnode, it slows down the work of chambers in cases of flater and atrium fibrillation. Taking into consideration the fact that verapamil shows cardiodepresive effects, the aim of our work is to study closely its effects on electrocardiogram and hemodynamic parameters. The experiment was conducted on six adult, healthy dogs which were, after 10 minutes 0,9% NaCl infusion, treated with i.v. bolus verapamil injections on every 5 minutes until the appearance of intoxication signs, which causes bradycardia, heart rhythm disorder and the fall of arterial blood pressure. The average verapamil dose was 4 mg per kilogram. After i.v. verapamil administration, heart frequency and middle arterial pressure have a significant fall, while central venous pressure has a significant rise. Larger verapamil doses nd rd can significantly extend T-P and P-R interval with the appearance of AV-block (2 and 3 grade), while the Q-T interval doesn't show any significant change.

Systematic and programmed physical exercise, called training, play a significant role in human health and ability improvement. A moderate physical exercise is considered as a very efficient method of increasing general physical ability and reaching the top results in sport, and simultaneously contributes to health quality of persons having sedentary professions. In active sportspersons, ability of cardiovascular, respiratory and bone-muscle systems are determined by training quality itself. Sportspersons show characteristically better adaptability of neurohumoral system to effort, as well as a higher activity of intracellular enzyme systems. Well-dosed physical exercise has an exceptional influence on human health, above all by regulating cholesterol blood level and electrolyte level of serum, whose minimal change can directly affect human health. This study was aimed to establish quantity and quality of organism response to physical exercise, in regard to level of daily training, by determining lipid fractions level in serum and electrolyte composition of serum. The study involved 50 healthy men in age between 20 and 25, divided into two groups. The first group was composed by physically untrained men, chosen by the random sample method. The other group of subjects was composed by 35 active sportsmen, chosen by direct selection for the best-trained ones among them. In order to reach a submaximal exertion, we used Astrand's test of submaximal exertion on the bicycle-ergometer. Blood samples were taken immediately before and after testing. The following parameters were determined in blood serum: high-density lipoproteins (HDL), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), triglyceride + + 2+ 2+ - content, as well as concentration of sodium (Na ), potassium (K ), calcium (Ca ), magnesium (Mg ) and chlorine (Cl) ions. On the base of our research we concluded that physical exercise of submaximal intensity did not lead to any quantitative and qualitative change of lipid fractions in blood serum of untrained persons. Physically inactive persons had higher serum concentrations of triglycerides and total cholesterol in regard to the investigated sportsmen. At the same time, sportsmen showed a higher HDL content of serum. Physical exertion in sportsmen led to a significant rise of triglycerides and highdensity lipoproteins content of serum, and the levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins did not changed + ++ significantly. Physical exertion of submaximal intensity in both studied groups caused a significant increase of Na , Ca and ++ + - Mg ion concentration, while concentration of K and Cl ions did not changed significantly. Numerous clinical studies showed that moderate aerobe exercise amplifies endothelial function and reduces cardiovascular risk

Considering its importance in cell replication and differentiation, programmed cell death, DNA transcription, function of hormones, biological membranes and immunological system, zinc probably has a major role in enabling a proper
function of different tissues, organs and organic system in general. As an essential micronutrient wich is directly involved in metabolizm of insulin, zinc play important role in pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and its complications. On the other hand, low zinc absorption and hyperzincuria in diabetic animals and humans have indicated that diabetics are more susceptibile to zinc deficiency compared to healthy persons. Inasmuch as zinc plays an important role in syntesis, storage and secretion of insulin as well as conformational integrity of insulin in the hexameric form, zinc deficiency may adversely affect the ability of the islet Numerous studies suggested that urinary zinc excretion was higher in diabetes mellitus, probably as result of hyperglycemia. In contribution, there are findings about correlation between urinary zinc excretion and blood glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in non-insulin dependent diabetic patients. Recent experimental investigations showed that zinc supplementation inhibited NF-kB activation in the pancreas and decreased the expression of inducibile nitric oxide synthase, a downstream target gene of NF-kB. The ability of zinc to modulate NF-kB activation in the diabetogenic pathway may be the key mechanism for zinc's protective effect and important criterion for choosing nutritional strategies for diabetes mellitus prevention.