The new pandemic, caused by the corona viral disease 2019 (Covid-19), has brought with it a series of restrictive measures that have drastically altered people's way of life and which restrict freedom of movement, behavior and social engagement. At the time of pandemia, almost all aspects of each individual lifestyle have been impaired, especially in members of vulnerable groups, particularly women in postpartum women. Acute psychological reactions to a pandemia may include insomnia, fear of infection, anxiety, frustration, panic attacks, loneliness, but also depressive episodes. Non-psychotic postpartum mood and anxiety disorders can occur as an inability to adapt to stressful life situations. A comprehensive understanding of the impact of the pandemia on the mental health of women in the postpartum period is needed, in order to devise adequate approaches to recovery from such a major disaster as the Covid-19 pandemic.
References
1.
Goodman JH. Postpartum depression beyond the early postpartum period. 2004;33:410–20.
2.
Murray L, Fiori-Cowley A, R H. The impact of postnatal depression and associated adversity on early mother-infant interactions and later infant outcome. 1996;67:2512-26 10 2307 1131637.
3.
Sani G, Janiri D, Nicola M. Mental health during and after the COVID-19 emergency in Italy. 2020;
4.
ANDERSEN LB, MELVAER LB, VIDEBECH P, LAMONT RF, JOERGENSEN JS. Risk factors for developing post‐traumatic stress disorder following childbirth: a systematic review. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 2012;91(11):1261–72.
5.
Wenzel A, Haugen EN, Jackson LC, Brendle JR. Anxiety symptoms and disorders at eight weeks postpartum. Journal of Anxiety Disorders. 2005;19(3):295–311.
6.
Russell EJ, Fawcett JM, Mazmanian D. Risk of obsessive-compulsive disorder in pregnant and postpartum women: a meta-analysis. 2013;74:377–85.
7.
Angela Lo HW, Su CY, Chou FHC. Disaster Psychiatry in Taiwan: A Comprehensive Review. Journal of Experimental & Clinical Medicine. 2012;4(2):77–81.
8.
Buist A, Gotman N, Yonkers KA. Generalized anxiety disorder: course and risk factors in pregnancy. 2011;131:277-83 10 1016 2011 01 003.
9.
Cerulli C, Talbot NL, ET TW, A.L. Co-occurring intimate partner violence and mental health diagnoses in perinatal women. 2011;20:1797–803.
10.
Depressive and anxiety disorders in the postpartum period: How prevalent are they and can we improve their detection? 2010;13:395–401.
11.
Farr SL, Dietz PM, MW O ’Hara. Postpartum anxiety and comorbid depression in a population-based sample of women. 2014;23:120–8.
12.
Organization WH. Statement on the second meeting of the International Health Regulations (2005).Emergency Committee regarding the outbreak of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV. 2020;30.
13.
Med DESPDNEJ. 2016;1; 375:2177–86.
14.
Vigod S, Villegas L, Dennis C, Ross L. Prevalence and risk factors for postpartum depression among women with preterm and low‐birth‐weight infants: a systematic review. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 2010;117(5):540–50.
15.
Redpath N, Rackers HS, Kimmel MC. The Relationship Between Perinatal Mental Health and Stress: a Review of the Microbiome. Current Psychiatry Reports. 2019;21(3).
16.
Gavin NI, Gaynes BN, Lohr KN, Meltzer-Brody S, Gartlehner G, Swinson T. Perinatal Depression. Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2005;106(5, Part 1):1071–83.
17.
Andersson L, Sundström‐Poromaa I, Wulff M, Åström M, Bixo M. Depression and anxiety during pregnancy and six months postpartum: a follow‐up study. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 2006;85(8):937–44.
18.
O’Hara MW, Wisner KL. Perinatal mental illness: Definition, description and aetiology. Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 2014;28(1):3–12.
19.
Xiang YT, Yang Y, Li W, Zhang L, Zhang Q, Cheung T, et al. Timely mental health care for the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak is urgently needed. The Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;7(3):228–9.
20.
Taylor S. The Psychology of Pandemics: Preparing for the Next Global Outbreak of Infectious Disease. 2019.
21.
Li Q, Guan X, Wu P. Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan.
The statements, opinions and data contained in the journal are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publisher and the editor(s). We stay neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.