Introduction: In over of 99% cases of cervical cancer its appearing is preceded by persistent cervical epithelium infection caused by high-risk oncogenic types of human papillomavirus (HPV). The aim of the study was to examine the distribution of high-risk oncogenic HPV types compared to patohistological diagnoses of cervical diseases in women. Materials and methods: The study included 56 women with suspected premalignant and malignant cervical lesions, due to suspected colposcopic and cytological findings (Papanicolaou test). The HPV typing by "in situ" hybridization method on high-risk HPV types 16, 18, 31 and 33 was performed in all patients from cervical smear as well as cervical biopsy. Histological findings of cervical biopsy was a "gold standard" in the analysis of materials. Results: Histologically detected premalignant or malignant changes of the cervix were found at 34 (60.7%) of all 56 examined women: 17 of them had LSIL, 13 of them had HSIL, while 4 had squamous cell carcinoma. A positive HPV test had a 47 (84%) of them with a prove of the presence of one or more types of HPV. The most common type of virus was HPV 16 and it was detected in 27 (48.2%) women, followed by HPV 31 that was detected in 26 (46.4%) women, HPV 18 in 18 (32.1%) of women and HPV 33 in 4 (7.1%) women. The infection caused by oncogenic type HPV16 was significantly more frequent in patients with HSIL and cervical cancer (p<0,001), while the infection caused by oncogenic type HPV 31 was significantly more frequent in patients with LSIL and cervicitis (p=0,003). The distribution of HPV 18 and HPV 33 types was not statistically significantly different in patients with different histological findings (HPV 18, p = 0.41; HPV 33, p = 1.0). Conclusion: Based on our results we can conclude that there is a good correlation of HPV infection with pre-malignant cervical lesions and cervical cancer. The incidence of HPV type 16 infection increased with severity of cervical lesions and it is usually detected high-risk oncogenic type virus in women with severe cervical lesions type like HSIL and cancer are. HPV 31 is the most common high-risk type of HPV of mild type lesions, like LSIL and cervicitis are. We believe that women infected by high-risk oncogenic HPV types, although without histologically diagnose of cervical lesion, should be more frequent controle by colposcopy and cytology (Papanicolaou) test, because of possible disease progression to a more advanced level.

Najčešći maligni tumori kože epidermoidnog porekla su bazocelularni (BCK) i skvamocelularni (SCK) karcinom. U 90 % slučajeva nastaju na fotoeksponiranim delovima tela i direktno su povezani sa oštećenjima kože nastalim dugotrajnim izlaganjem UV zracima, obično kod osoba starijeg životnog doba i svetle puti. Od njihovih posledica godišnje u svetu umre 65000 ljudi. Najvažnija karika u sprečavanju nastanka ovih tumora jeste prevencija, dok njihovo rano prepoznavanje omogućava adekvatniji hirurški tretman sa poštedom okolnog tkiva. Osnovni cilj ovog rada je ispitivanje histopatoloških i kliničko-morfoloških karakteristika BCK i SCK kože glave. Analizom je obuhvaćeno 439 karcinoma (297 (67,7%) BCK, 126 (28,7 %) SCK i 16 (3,6%) BCK+SCK), među kojima je preko 60% dijagnostikovano kod muškaraca, najčešće u sedmoj i osmoj deceniji života, sa najvećom učestalošću BCK na nosu, odnosno na koži gornje polovine kože lica i SCK na usnama, odnosno na koži donje polovine kože lica. Svi karcinomi kože glave bili su češći na desnoj strani. Klinički i morfološki, najveći broj BCK manifestovao se ulceroznim oblikom prosečne veličine 1,2cm i mešanim histološkim tipom, a SCK vegetantnim oblikom prosečne veličine 1,55cm i histološki gradusom I. Najveći broj BCK i SCK bio je odstranjen u celini, za razliku od kombinacije ova dva tumora u kojima je u većini slučajeva bila neophodna i naknadna hirurška intervencija.

Determination of direction of car impact on pedestrian is complex interdisciplinary biomechanical analysis, which sintetize the work of legal medicine and traffic engineering professions. Injury characteristics depends on constitution and position of pedestrian, and type of passenger car. There are different mechanisms of injury arising from sum of effect of complex mechanical forces, from motion and impact on human body. Results are showing that new generation car, with aerodinamic wedge front, favorize occurrence of hyperextensive injuries, while speed presents dominant factor of intensity of injuries. In modern traffic conditions, we found multiple reduction of number of deaths of pedestrians in road traffic accidents.

Starenje kože je spor, ali progresivan degenerativni proces. U literaturi se definišu dve varijante bioloških okolnosti starenja kože: jedna objašnjava prirodno, fiziološko starenje, u funkciji vremena, na genetskoj osnovi - hronološko ili intrinzičko starenje (engl.chronological/intrinsic skin aging ) koje se klinički zapaža kao glatka, tanka, fino naborana koža, a druga povezuje i analizira promene na koži nastale pod uticajem spoljnih činilaca, uglavnom UV zračenja, - tzv. solarno ili ekstrinzičko starenje (engl. photoaging / extrinsic skin aging). Normalno ili intrinzičko starenje je praćeno atrofijom epiderma i derma, destrukcijom kolagenih i elastičnih vlakana, uz poremećaj proliferacijske homeostaze brojnih ćelija i posledične pojave benignih i malignih lezija kože.

Regulatory T cells represent unique CD4+CD25+ population of T lymphocytes, which are involved in many immunological events. These cells have very important role in maintaining peripheral tolerance, prevention of autoimmune diseases, in immunological respond to infection, particularly by intracellular microorganisms as well as in a process of tumorogenesiz. There are two populations of regulatory T cells: natural regulatory T cells - nTregs and adaptive, inducible regulatory - iTregs. They differ between each other in accordance to the place of creation, in accordance to the specificity of the T cell receptor, as well as the action mechanism. nTregs and the other T cells arise in thymus, which provides specific inductive environment for maturation and immunological education of progenitor cells to imunocompetent T cells. iTregs arise on periphery from the conventional CD4+ T cells after stimulation by antigen under the different conditions. There is number of subpopulations of iTregs and the most important are Tr1 and Th3 cells. Tr1 cells produce big amounts of interleukin 10 (IL-10), and they are called IL-10-secretory regulatory cells, whereas Th3 cells are necessary for maintenance of peripheral tolerance to mucous surfaces, through their dominant cytokine TGF-â (transforming growth factor-â) and they are most widely spread in the mucosa of the digestive tract. Previous researches have shown that regulatory T cells achieve their suppressor activity via inhibitory cytokines, cytolysis, and induction of metabolic disorders and modulation of maturation or function of dendritic cells.

This research has been done on a sample of 4211 drivers, from which 3886 ( 92,28%) were put in examination for plus measuring alcohol concentration in exhaled air, that is, breath testing with breathalyser type Alcotest® 7410 RS, while 297 of examined people, besides breath testing were put through blood sample analysis, applying ADH enzyme's method. Both sexes were covered in this examination, and they were at the age from 16 to 66, classified according to the clinical phase alcohol taken. Results: Most of the alcoholic drivers were men. The greatest number (94,9% from 4211) didn't participate in a traffic accidents (TA), 3,8% were participants in TA with material damage, and in 1,2% of cases were TA with injuring some of the participants, while in just 4 cases (0,1%) came to mortal injuring participants. The highest number of police controls were registrated on Saturdays, in Summer months, in time from 00:00 to 03:59 hours. Average age of the examined people were 32,5 years old (SD = 0,871), and the greatest number of the examined in this analysed sample belongs to age group from 21 to 30 (1748, that is, 41,51% from 4211). The greatest number of drivers (51,3%) were in clinical phase of mild intoxication. Applying three factor's ANOVA statistical method with one set factor (with part of a day in a month) it is established that arising traffic accidents (TA) depends solely from clinical phase of intoxication. Obtained results taken from breath testing are compared with results received from determinating Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) applying enzym's ADH method. Very high coefficient of correlation is established from 0,95 (r 0,198, p>0,0006). In the observed period falling trend of alcoholic drivers is recorded. We can note constant numerical domination of age group of 21 to 30. Driving drunken is typical characteristic for male population. In group of professional drivers it's extremely rare steering a vehicle in alcoholic condition. It is detected that in most cases of TA participants were in mild or medium state of intoxication, what indicates to a major accidental significance precisely these degrees of intoxication

Dipeptidyl peptidase IV is ecto-enzyme which is present on the cell surface of large number of cells and particularly of T-lymphocytes. It takes part in immune reactions and regulation of immune response, while antigen stimulation of cells increases percentage of expression of DPPIV on their cell surfaces. Since the immune response is different for chronic tonsillar disease of tonsilla palatine, idiopathic tonsillar hyperplasia ITH and recurrent tonsillitis RT, and considering the fact that DPPIV takes part in activation of T and B-lymphocytes stimulated by antigen, we presume that different activities of DPPIVexist in tonsillis and blood of persons diseased of different types of chronic tonsillitis, ITH and RT. The main goals of research are determination of activities of DPPIV on lymphocytes of tonsillas and serum of persons diseased of ITH and RT as well as histochemical and immunohistochemical determination of DPP IV localisation on lymphocytes of examed tonsillas. Two groups of patients are included: nineteen persons with ITH and thirteen persons with RT, while the control group was contained of thirty nine persons with diagnosis systematic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and fiftteen health persons. The research was done on 32 tonsillas created by tonsillectomia of persons with ITH and RT and 86 blood samples of all 86 persons. The results of research show histochemical localisation of enzyme activity of DPPIVin T-dependent zones of tonsilla and it is originating from activated T-lymphocytes. The enzyme activity of DPP IV on tonsillar lymphocytesis is higher in case of IHT compared with RT. By this research we conclude that deifferent activity of DPPIV on tonsillar lymphocytes for ITH and RTpresumes the difference of immuno response of tonsillas during these tonsillar diseases.