Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic multisistemic disease of an unknown cause characterised by persistens inflammatory synovitis which results in destruction cartilage and bone erosions. RA is a systemic disease with various out of joint manifestations of different clinical importance, among which rheumatoid knots, rheumatoid vasculitis, pleuropulmonal and ophthalmological manifestations are the most prominent ones. The most frequent changes of the eye in patients with RA are keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS), episcleritis and scleritis and ulcerous keratitis. Out of 70 examined patients, 52 (74.3%) are female, and 18 (25.7%) of male sex (ratio 4:1), average age 56.47. In 18 (25.71%) RA diseased patients eye changes found are as folows: secondary Sjögren syndrom, that is keratoconjunctvitis sicca in 18.57%, only in female patients, episcleritis nodosa and scleritis in 4.29%; 2.86% in male and 1.43% female patients and ulcerous keratitis in 2.86% RA diseased patients. 

In our work we analyzed utilisation of antibiotics for systemic use at the Surgical Clinic of the Clinical Hospital Centre - Pristina in Gracanica in 2007. and 2008. Data on antibiotic utilization were delivered on the basis of drug dispensing records from the Central Hospital Pharmacy during the two-years period. Antibiotics were distributed inside the ATC/DDD system in accordance with WHO guidelines. Quantitative antibiotics' utilisation was expressed as number of defined daily doses per 100 patient-days (DDDs/100 PD). Overall use of antibiotics in 2007 was 123.37 DDDs/100 PD, and 125.09 DDDs /100 PD in 2008. Three most utilized antibiotics in 2007. were cefuroxime 24.26 DDDs/100 PD (19.66 % of total antibiotics' use), ceftriaxone 16.65 DDDs/100 PD (13.49 %), and cephalexin 15.78 DDDs/100 PD (12.79 %). In 2008. the most utilized were ceftriaxone 23.23 DDDs/100 PD (18.57 %), cefuroxime 22.53 DDDs/100 PD (18.01 %), and co-trimoxazole 19,55 DDDs/100 PD (15.63 %). Qualitative and quantitative part of the consumed antibiotics was mainly in accordance with the results of similar researches in our country.

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic multisistemic disease of an unknown cause characterised by persistens inflammatory synovitis which results in destruction cartilage and bone erosions. RA is a systemic disease with various out of joint manifestations of different clinical importance, among which rheumatoid knots, rheumatoid vasculitis, pleuropulmonal and ophthalmological manifestations are the most prominent ones. The most frequent changes of the eye in patients with RA are keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS), episcleritis and scleritis and ulcerous keratitis. Out of 70 examined patients, 52 (74.3%) are female, and 18 (25.7%) of male sex (ratio 4:1), average age 56.47. In 18 (25.71%) RA diseased patients eye changes found are as folows: secondary Sjögren syndrom, that is keratoconjunctvitis sicca in 18.57%, only in female patients, episcleritis nodosa and scleritis in 4.29%; 2.86% in male and 1.43% female patients and ulcerous keratitis in 2.86% RA diseased patients. 

Without a knowledge of how drugs are being prescribed and used, it is difficult to suggest measures that would support rational use of drugs and improve prescribing habits in hospitals. In our work we analyzed utilization of antibiotics for systemic use at the Surgical Clinic of the Clinical Hospital Centre - Pristina in Gracanica in 2007. and 2008. on the basis of dispensing records of drugs issued from the Central Pharmacy to the Surgical Clinic for those two years. Antibiotics were distributed according to ATC classification, and antibiotics' utilisation was expressed in number of defined daily doses used per 100 patient-days (DDDs/100 PD). We analized qualitative and quantitative participation of different groups of antibacterials for systemic use. Òhe results of our study were in accordance with available results of similar studies in our country and in the neighbouring environment

A combination of aspirin and ticlopidine has been proven to reduce the frequency of haemorrhagic and vascular complications after coronary artery stenting. Also, ticlopidine is often associated with hyperbilirubinemia and abnormal liver function test values. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlations between biochemical variables (serum total cholesterol levels, total bilirubin concentration, serum activities of alkaline phosphatase and alanine- ALT and aspartate- AST aminotransferases) of aspirin and ticlopidine administered alone and in combination. The experiment was conducted on white laboratory rats, type Wistar. Thirty-two rats were divided in four groups and they received one of the following treatments for three days: group I - control, saline (1 ml/kg, i.p.); group II - aspirin (50 mg/kg/day i.p.); group III - ticlopidine (125 mg/kg/day i.p.) and group IV - aspirin+ticlopidine combination (50 mg/kg/day+125 mg/kg/day i.p.). Biochemical variables were determined at once after taking the sample of blood. Relationship between two measured variables was determined by calculating linear correlation coefficient (r). Between total cholesterol level and AST activity in control group of rats was noticed negative and low correlation (r=-0,27); in group treated with aspirin negative, high and significant correlation (r=-0,86); in group treated with ticlopidine negative and low correlation (r=-0,24); and in group treated with aspirin+ticlopidine combination positive, high and significant correlation (r=0,79). Between other investigated variables were not noticed significant correlation in all treated groups. Based on obtained results it can be noticed that negative correlation between serum total cholesterol level and AST activity in control, aspirin and ticlopidine groups becomes positive and significant only after the treatment with aspirin+ticlopidine combination.

Seronegative arthropathy represents group of rheumatic diseases which affects younger patients, more often male. Ocular findings are numerous such as conjunctivitis, iridocyclitis, and they are a part of extraarticular clinical manifestations. Acute anterior uveitis, as most common ocular manifestation, could be a sole or associated morbidity condition at the forme of systemic diseases.

Transition of xenobiotics from blood into brain tissue is limited by the blood-brain barrier (BBB), a very selective functional barrier that excludes penetration of various substances, while allowing essential nutrients to enter into CNS. Transport of drugs through the intact BBB depends of their physico-chemical characteristics, the way of drug application and of anatomical and functional integrity of the barrier. The aim of this work was to examine penetration of quinine and lysinacetylsalicilate in vivo through the rat BBB, after the intraarterial injection via the a. axillaris in the course to CNS. The
experiment was done on anaesthetized Wistar rats, body weight 200-300 g. Test animals received injection of quinine (25 mg/kg) or LAS (90 mg/kg). Blood from the left jugular vein and brain samples (brain stem, cerebellum, right and left cerebral hemispheres) were taken in four minutes period. Quinine concentrations in rat brain were higher than in blood (ratio between blood/brain concentration was <1) while LAS concentrations in blood were permanently higher, according to their liposolubility. Maximal concentration in the brain tissue of both drugs are time dependent which indicated the useness of an active transport

Considering its importance in cell replication and differentiation, programmed cell death, DNA transcription, function of hormones, biological membranes and immunological system, zinc probably has a major role in enabling a proper
function of different tissues, organs and organic system in general. As an essential micronutrient wich is directly involved in metabolizm of insulin, zinc play important role in pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and its complications. On the other hand, low zinc absorption and hyperzincuria in diabetic animals and humans have indicated that diabetics are more susceptibile to zinc deficiency compared to healthy persons. Inasmuch as zinc plays an important role in syntesis, storage and secretion of insulin as well as conformational integrity of insulin in the hexameric form, zinc deficiency may adversely affect the ability of the islet Numerous studies suggested that urinary zinc excretion was higher in diabetes mellitus, probably as result of hyperglycemia. In contribution, there are findings about correlation between urinary zinc excretion and blood glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in non-insulin dependent diabetic patients. Recent experimental investigations showed that zinc supplementation inhibited NF-kB activation in the pancreas and decreased the expression of inducibile nitric oxide synthase, a downstream target gene of NF-kB. The ability of zinc to modulate NF-kB activation in the diabetogenic pathway may be the key mechanism for zinc's protective effect and important criterion for choosing nutritional strategies for diabetes mellitus prevention.

Seronegative arthropathy represents group of rheumatic diseases which affects younger patients, more often male. Ocular findings are numerous such as conjunctivitis, iridocyclitis, and they are a part of extraarticular clinical manifestations. Acute anterior uveitis, as most common ocular manifestation, could be a sole or associated morbidity condition at the forme of systemic diseases

With this work we intended to examine antipyretical effect of different extracts from the leaf. The following extracts were examined: etherical chloroformic The experiments were conducted on white laboratory mice, type BALB/C. Mice were divided in 5 groups, where each group received the appropriate extract. Rectal temperature was measured by "Termistorowy" termometer. After the temperatures were measured, for each of examined group we defined area under the curve. The area values were later used to determine statistically significant differences between them. Examination results of antipyretic effects of different extracts ( ) from the leaf, i parsley (Et O), (CHCl ), ethyl-acetic (EtOAC), n-bhutanolic (nBuOH), aquae- 2 3 ous (H O). 2 etherical (Et O), chloroformic (CHCl ), ethyl-acetic (EtOAC), n-bhutanolic (nBuOH), aquaeous (H O) parsley 2 3 2 n experiment with mice, show that all the extracts mentioned above, decreased (annuled) pyrogenic effect of 12% yeast suspension.