Oštećena tolerancija glukoze,pojam poznat kao predijabetes , predstavlja stepenicu ispred razvoja dijabetes mellitusa tip 2 i može se javiti i deceniju pre manifestnog oblika dijabetesa i sve je češći u mlađoj populaciji. Cilj rada bio je da utvrdi uticaj fizicke neaktivnosti na pojavu predijabatesa i dijabetes mellitusa tip 2. Obrađeno je 80 bolesnika u endokrinološkoj ambulanti Interne klinike KBC Priština-Gračanica, u Lapljem Selu.Ispitanici su anketirani uputnikom iz vodiča Nacionalnog programa za prevenciju dijabetesa tip 2 Republike Srbije. Svim ispitanicima su odrađene polne, demografske i antropometrijske karakteristike kao istepen intolerancije glukoze. Od 80 pacijenata, 33 (41,25%) su muškog pola, a 47 (58,75%) su ženskog pola. Nema statističke značajnosti Hi² testa raspodele ispitanika prema familijarnoj anamnezi (=0,007, p>0,05). Fizička neaktivnost je registrovna u 16 ispitanika (20%), a ostalih 64 ispitanika je fizički aktivno. Normalna glikemija natašte u fizički neaktivnih ispitanika je bila u 56,25% (9), a glikemiju veću od 7 mmol/l je imalo 18,75% ispitanika. Pozitivan OGTT nalaz kod fizički neaktivnih ispitanika je potvrđen u 62,5% , a pozitivan OGTT nalaz kod fizički aktivnih je registrovan u samo 5 ispitanika (11,36%). Ispitanici sa rizikom za nastanak dijabetesa tip 2 (skor 12 i više) u 60% su bili fizički neaktivni. Umerena fizička aktivnost uz korekciju telesne mase ,može znatno da „odloži“ nastanak dijabetes mellitus-a tip 2.

Researches with micronutrients are getting more and more important in science and also in practice. In this view zinc, chromium, copper and selenium are having a special role in preventing micro- and macrovascular diabetic complications, as integral components of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) and also as cofactor of enzymes and hormones involved in the metabolism of glucose and lipid. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects different doses of zinc on glycemia and parameters of antioxidative defense: superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant status (TAS), and correlation glycoregulation with antioxidant system of the alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits. The study was conducted on fourteen New Zealand rabbits of both sexes, weighing 2 to 3.5 kg. Experimental diabetes was induced in rabbits by intravenous injection of alloxan (80 mg /kg BW). Three weeks after induced experimental diabetes, rabbits were treated orally appropriate doses of chelated zinc: I dose - 15 mg, after a washout period (10 t ), II dose - 25 mg, af- 1/2 ter a washout period, III dose - 50 mg. Blood samples were taken at specific time intervals: before alloxan induced diabetes, after alloxan induced diabetes, after application the first dose of 15 mg of zinc, after application of a second dose of 25 mg of zinc, after application of third dose of 50 mg of zinc. The zinc preparation did not cause a statistically significant reduction in serum glucose level when administered in single doses 15, 25 and 50 mg in experimentally induced diabetic rabbits. However, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was significantly increased after single dose preparations of zinc at a dose 15 mg (p<0,05), 25 mg (p<0,001) and 50 mg (p<0,001) in relation to the activity recorded before the application of zinc. Also, after the application first, second, and than third dose of zinc in diabetic rabbits was recorded statistically significant increase of TAS in relation to the value recorded before the application of zinc (p<0,001). Glucose concentrations negatively correlated with superoxide dismutase activity. This indicates that oral application of zinc preparation can reduce the harmful effects of oxidative stress in diabetes.

Cephalosporins are bactericidal antibiotics that are active against a wide variety of Gram(+) and Gram(-) aerobic bacteria, along with a few anaerobic species. Adverse effects of cephalosporins are uncommon and reversible. Cefalotin and cefaloridine exhibit a nephrotoxic effect and might cause renal tubule necrosis. No data about the nephrotoxicity of cefotaxime and ceftriaxone has been presented in literature so far. When cephalosporins are applied via intramuscular injection a local reaction is possible, whereas with IV administration thrombophlebitis develops in about 5% of all cases. Hypersensitivity reactions, as well as some hematological disorders (thrombocytosis, leukopenia, neutropenia) might also occur. Cephalosporins were found to sometimes cause an augmentation of transaminase (AST, ALT), alkaline phosphatase, and, less frequently, bilirubin levels, too. The goal of this study was to evaluate the creatinine values in the serum of patients hospitalised in Kosovska Mitrovica Health Centre. The values were determined before, within and after 7 days of cephalosporin administration (cefotaxime 2x1000mg IM; ceftriaxone 2x1000mg IV). Data concerning certain hematological and biochemical variables will be presented as well. Creatinine levels were measured by the Jaffe reaction method. Both cefotaxime and ceftriaxone yielded a statistically significant increase of the serum creatinine values. As these cephalosporins do not show a nephrotoxic effect, the increase can be explained by the interference of sodium picramate, a byproduct of the Jaffe reaction which is produced regardless of whether the process is manual or automated.

Oxidative stress and associated oxidative damage are mediators of vascular injury and inflammation in many cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease, diabetes. Xanthine oxidoreductase is one of the enzymes producing free radicals in the cardiovascular system, and it can contribute to the increment of the oxidative stress and, consequently, blood pressure. The xanthine oxidase is a molybdoenzyme capable of catalyzing the oxidation of hypoxanthine and xanthine in the process of purine metabolism. Xanthine oxidase can exist in two interconvertible forms, either as xanthine dehydrogenase or xanthine oxidase. The aim of the paper was investigate the activity xanthine oxidoreductase in the plasma patients with age related cataract, with hypertensive, and with heart failure. Clinical and biochemical researches were carried out in 73 patients with age related cataract, mean age 72±7 years, divided into group with hypertensive (N=35), with heart failure (N=22) and group normotensive and without heart failure (N=16). Plasma xanthine oxidoreductase activity was determined spectrophotometrically by measuring the formation of uric acid from hypoxanthine at 293 nm. The concentration of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), LDL-C, HDL-C in plasma were determined. Our findings show a significantly increased activity xanthine oxidoreductase in plasma hypertensive patients (XO 9.18±1.5 U/L) (p< 0.001) and patients with heart failure (XO 10.44±1.53U/L) (p< 0.001), compared with values plasma xanthine oxidoreductase activity in normotensive and patients without heart failure (XOD 6.02±1.4 U/L). Concentrations of plasma TG, TC and LDL-C were elevated in groups with hypertensive and with heart failure, and we to find significant differences with group normotensive and without heart failure values. Elevated activity of plasma xanthine oxidoreductase contribute to the increasåd oxidative stress and may play a role in accelerated atherosclerosis. 

The biggest Serbian medival hospital had founded Stefan Urosh III Nemanjich in the monastery named Dechani. In 1340, it had been founded the hospital of the emperors Dushan in monastery of St.Arhangel near tawn Prizren. By liberation of the province Kosovo and Metohija from the Turkish rule and by united with Serbia,the health had been diveloping in this region. In 1922, it had been founded the state hospital in 1931. Governor, and in 1938, this hospital had the 120 beds and three laboratory rooms for analyses of blood and of urine. In 1924, it had been formed the first bacterologist station in Prizren. In 1928, it had been formed the State childrens home which is in 1929. had been become public health station with the general school ambulanta first aid station,bathroom and laboratory. In 1927. it had been working the Polyclinic in Prishtina were theyhad been carrying on the laboratory analyses.In these health resorts in the province of Kosovo and Metohija have been carrying on the analyses of blood, urine and of bowel as and the microscopy of preparation to malaria and it has been carrying on the education of skilled workers for these analyses. After the Second World war it had been carrying on the education of laboratory technians it the courses and by opening of laboratories in hospitals and health stations in Kosovo and Metohija the specialization of medicine biochemistry have been ending a lot of pharmacists who give a famous contribution to the development of biochemistry in this territory.