Introduction: Toxoplasma gondii is one of the causative agents from the groups of TORCH infections, which are commonly associated with congenital anomalies. Objective: Defining risk factors for infection byToxoplasma gondii of women in reproductive ages in the territory of Kosovska Mitrovica, as well as determination of seroprevalence of infection by Toxoplasma gondii in prenatal screening of pregnant women and women of childbearing age. Materials and Methods: Across sectional study that included 49, pregnant women and women of childbearing age has been conducted. The pregnant women have been monitored on regularly base, or some women have been treated in the Gynecology and Obstetrics Department of the Health Center in Kosovska Mitrovica. Ages, place of residence, education, gynecological history and exposure to the potential risk factors associated with Toxoplasma have been collected by questionnaires. Sera have been tested on the presence of IgM and IgG antibodies to Toxoplasma gondi by ELISA standard manufacturer's protocol (Euroimmun, Luebeck, Germany). Results: Our study shows that 32 (65.3%) women were seronegative, while 17 women (34.7%) were seropositive. Significant seropositivity has been recorded for the women who were in contact with the ground (42.9%), compared to the women who did not have this contact (23.8%). Uses of undercooked meat in the diet did not show any effect to the seropositive status of the respondents, i.e. greater percentage of analyzed patients (75.5%) used inadequately cooked meat. Even 93.3% of respondents deny contact with a cat. It is observed that seropositivity increased with the age. Conclusion: Seroprevalence to Toxoplasma gondii infection of women of childbearing in the territory of northern Kosovska Mitrovica is not high, which implied that there is a higher possibility for acquiring primary toxoplasmosis infection during pregnancy especially for women who come in contact with the ground

Quality of life (QoL) is used in the natural and social sciences as a relatively new category which deserves more attention in research. Quality of life related to health is a term commonly used when QoL on health. An increasing number of research studies that are based on an examination of the QoL. This paper analyzes the concept of the QoL, the possibilities of measuring the QoL, a special emphasis is placed on measuring QoL in dermatovenereology. Given that the skin disease are of particular significance for the patient, the said indices are dermatologically quality of life, especially the quality of life of patients dermatological (DLQI).

Akne vulgaris su hronično inflamatorno obolenje pilosebacealne jedinice. Dermatološka obolenja često su asocirana sa psihološkim problemima koje ima pacijent. Psihodermatološke bolesti (akne) su asocirani sa kožnim simptomima koje nisu direktno povezani sa psihom, ali reaguju na emocionalne situacije,kako što je stres. Cilj ovog rada je da se utvrdi da li postoje određene psihološke karakteristike, koje su zajedničke za čitavu grupu obolelih, i da li postoji korelacija između težine kliničke slike i psiholoških parametara. Naše istraživanje je obuhvatilo 30 pacijenata sa tri klinička oblika akni.Za identifikaciju i dijagnostiku psihičkih poremećaja korišćen je test ličnosti Kornel-index. Zastupleni rezultati su neurastenični parametri, parametri konverzije i parametri psihopatije u različitom procentu kod oba pola i različite kliničke slike. Dobili smo pokazatelje za grupisanje više jednovremenih nalaza. Pokazali smo korelaciju udruženih 2-6 psihosomatskih poremećaja kod muškog pola sa lakšim oblikom akni. Kod ženskog pola sa bilo kojim oblikom akni, odgovorni su bili 7-12 udruženih nalaz. Udruženost više psihosomatskih faktora može da bude odgovorna za pojavu bilo kog oblika acne vulgaris

Dijabetesna retinopatija je najčešća mikrovaskularna komplikacija šećerne bolesti i jedna je od vodećih uzroka slepila kod odraslih uzrasta 20-74 godina. Učestalost mikrovaskularnih komplikacija dijabetesa je jasno povezana sa trajanjem dijabetesa, kvalitetom metaboličke kontrole i sistolnim krvnim pritisakom. Cilj rada bio je da se utvrdi incidencija i odrede karakteristike faktora rizika za razvoj retinopatije kod bolesnika sa dijabetesom tip 2. Studija je obuhvatila 100 ispitanika sa dijabetes melitusom tip 2, prosečne starosti 61,95±3, 98 godina. Pacijenti su podeljeni u dve grupe: pacijenti sa dijabetesom tip 2, na terapiji oralnim antidijabeticima, činili su grupu I, pacijenti sa dijabetesom tip 2 na kombinovanoj terapiji činili su grupu II. Analizirali smo anamnestičke podatke, stil života i porodičnu istoriju, štetne navike pre svega pušenje. Od kliničkih karakteristika utvrđena je telesna masa, visina, obim struka, arterijski pritisak, urađene su standardne biohemijske analize. Dijagnoza dijabetesne retinopatije postavljena je na os- novu modifikovane Međunarodne klasifikacije retinopatija. Ispitanici studijske grupe II, imali su statistički značajno duže trajanje bolesti u odnosu na ispitanike kontrolne grupe (p<0,001). U odnosu na antropometrijske karakteristike, ispitivane grupe se statistički nisu razlikovale (ITM, 27,28±8,28kg/m2 vs 28,72±5,75 kg/m2; t-1,306, a p=0,197, obim struka 95,70±12,96cm vs 94,58±12,96cm). Srednje vrednosti sistolnog krvnog pritiska u studijskoj grupi II bile su 144,50±27,37 a dijastolnog 86,30±11,08 mmHg, a u grupi koja je bila na oralnim hipoglikemicima 137,00±27,37mmHg za sistolni a dijastolnog 83,11 ±10,08 mmHg, r-0,00, p=1,00, nije bilo statistički značajne razlike među grupama. Bolesnici studijske grupe II nisu imali značajno veće vrednosti holesterola (6,02±1,59 vs 5,73± 1,29mmol/L; p=0,501), LDL holesterola (3,75±1,35 vs 3,94±1,21mmol/L; p=0,55), HDL holesterola (1,14±0,61 vs 1,02±0,27mmol/L; p=0,005), glikemije (10,2±8,15 vs 9,2±1,4mmol/L; p=0,183), u odnosu na grupu I, dok su vrednosti triglicerida su bile značajno veće (2,49±2,03 vs 2,00±1,22mmol/L; p=0,01). Poređenjem vrednosti HbA1c, statistički značajna razlika nije ustanovljena (8,8% vs 7,8%; t-2,946, p=0,009). Faktori rizika za razvoj retinopatije kod pacijenata sa dijabetesom tip 2 bili su značajno zastupljeni u obe ispitivane grupe.

Cutaneus melanoma is the most malignant tumor of the skin. Melanoma arises from the malignant transformation of melanocytes at the dermal-epidermal junction or from the nevomelanocytes of atypical melanocytic nevi, that become invasive and metastasize after various time intervals. Dermoscopy is a noninvasive diagnostic technique in dermato- venereology that includes the inspection of the lesion with a handheld dermoscope. Dermoscopy enables the evaluation of the specific morphological structures of the skin that are not visible to the naked eye.therefore, it links clinical dermatology and dermatopathology. The major goal is to differentiate pigmented lesions into melanocytic and nonmelanocytic lesions, and make further differentiations within each group. Furthermore, it is essential to distinguish melanoma from other me- lanocytic and nonmelanocytic skin lesions, and to diagnose melanoma and amelanotic melanoma in their early stages. Der- moscopic follow up includes long-term and short-term monitoring, and is an essential diagnostic technique in the manage- ment of pigmented skin lesions.

In diabetics fungal skin infections are reported to be related to greatly disturbed metabolism. In order to get better insight into the association between diabetes mellitus and fungal skin infections, we started our study with the aim to assess the effect of metabolic regulation on the incidence of fungal skin infections is diabetics. The obtained results of our study show that in patient with metabolically poorly regulated primary disease i.e. diabetes the incidence of the fungal skin infections is highest (36.0%), its incidence is lower in patients with metabolically satisfactorily regulated diabetes (29.5%) and lowest in those with well regulated diabetes (18.8%), witch is statistically significant difference (p=0.045).

The objective of this study that included 34 patients with psoriasis was to assess the reliability of the disease severity measures (i.e. Psoriasis Area and Severity Index - PASI) and the reliability of the health related quality of life measures (i.e. EuroQol EQ-5D Quality of Life Scale - EQ-5D, Dermatology Life Quality Index - DLQI and Psoriasis Disability Index -PDI). High interobserver correlation reliability and good test-retest reliability of PASI scores, as well as good test-retest reliability of EQ-5D, DLQI and PDI scores were achieved. Correlation coefficients between the test and retest scores on DLQI and PDI were higher than those on the dimensions and on EQ-VAS in EQ-5D. Disease severity scores given by PASI and the quality of lify scores given by EQ-5D, DLQI and PDI offered the reliable assessment of both the psoriasis severity and the quality of life of the people with psoriasis.

Introduction: Approximately 15-23% of the general population have had urticarial rush during their lives. Goal: Examination of the urticarial frequency and urticarial etiopathogenesis among hospitalized patients. Sources and methodology: Retrospective analysis of the data extracted from patients' medical history at the Clinical Center of Kragujevac, Department for Dermatology and Venereology. Statistical methods used include proportional relations with tabular and graphical representation of the results gathered. Results: Out of 228 hospitalized patients in 2007, total of 28 (or 12.28%) were treated for Urticaria. The disease is more frequent among the following groups of patients: female population (total of 23, or 82.1%); people between 30 and 60 years of age (total of 15, or 53.6%); urban area population (total of 24, or 85.7%); patients with Dg. Urticaria acuta diagnosis (total of 19, or 67.8%); Dg. Oedema Quincke (total of 6, or 21, 4%); et people with cardiovascular diseases (total of 9, or 32.2%). The disease is more frequent in Spring, during the period April-June (11 patients, or 39.3%) with the greatest frequency in May (7 patients, or 25%). According to etiological samples the most prominent types of Urticaria among patients were: idiopathic (13 patients, or 46.4%), due to medications (5 patients, or 17.9%), nutritional origin (4 patients, or 14.3%), psychological factors (3 patients, or 10.7%). Considering complications, 6 patients (21.4%) had Quincke's Oedema, while 7 patients (25%) had allergic reactions to penicillin. Regarding outcome of the disease, total of 23 patients (82.1%) have been successfully cured. Discussion et Conclusion: The greatest number of serious urticarias with complications has been inducted by non-physical factors, mostly of immunological nature, while physically inducted urticaria have had less severe symptoms and required shorter time to cure. Nevertheless, exact causes for most types of urticaria are unknown, so continual research of causes, as well as courses, complications and treatments of this serious disease is necessary.

Oral isotretinoin is highly effective in treatment of patients with severe acne, but has been concerned with causing occasional depression. Clinicians should be alert to the high prevalence of depression among people with acne. Isotretinoin has many unwanted effects, among which possible unproven effects on mood have to be included. If depression or other mood change occurs, then isotretinoin treatment should be discontinued. If treatment is continued, psychiatric support should be obtained.

In this work we present a basic aspects of ionising radiation (afterward of depleted uranium), this effects to human organism, esspecially on radiobiological, health effects on human skin. Health effects ionising radiation on skin depends of its doses. High doses given stron reaction, already in a few days after radiation, and later manifestations arise after longer exposition lower doses this radiation. In this work we present a basics pathophysiological aspects, without specifical clinical manifestations of radiation dermatitis.