Uvod: Metabolički sindrom (MetS) je naziv za grupu faktora rizika (povišen krvni pritisak, visok nivo šećera u krvi, abdominalna gojaznost i visok nivo
triglicerida u krvi) koji zajedno povećavaju rizik za razvoj aterosklerotičnih kardiovaskularnih bolesti, insulinske rezistencije, dijabetesa i vaskularnih
neuroloških komplikacija kao što je moždani udar. Prevalencija metaboličkog sindroma među studentskom populacijom varira u zavisnosti od regiona
i životnih navika.
Cilj rada: Utvrditi prevalenciju metaboličkog sindroma i navike u ishrani studenata Univerziteta u Pristini.
Metod rada: Ova studija preseka je sprovedena u Zavodu za zdravstvenu zaštitu studenata u Kosovskoj Mitrovici (Studentska Poliklinika).
Sistematskim pregledom je obuhvaceno 600 studenata kojima je procenjen nutritivni status, izmeren krvni pritisak i odrađene odgovarajuće
laboratorijske analize (nivo glukoze, triglicerida i lipoproteina visoke i niske gustine). U određivanju nutritivnog statusa korišćeni su: BMI (body mase
index -indeks telesne mase), procenat ukupne masne mase tela i obim struka. Istovremeno su studenti popunjavali socio-demografski upitnik kao i
upitnik za ispitivanje životnih navika studenata. Kriterijum za dijagnozu metaboličkog sindroma je prisustvo tri od ukupno pet faktora rizika prema
NCEP - National Cholesterol Education Program, Adult Treatment Panel III. Nivo statističke značajnosti je postavljen na p<0,05.
Rezultati rada: Ukupno 600 studenata je bilo uključeno u studiju. Nešto veći je udeo studentkinja u uzorku istraživanja 66%. Većina studenata 48,0%
živelo je u studentskom domu. Prosečan BMI je bio 22,2 ± 3,9. Studenata sa viškom kilograma, koji prema BMI spadaju u grupu predgojaznih bilo je
93 (15,5%) a gojaznih 27 (4,5%). Prevalencija MetSa sa prisustvom sva tri faktora rizika iznosila je 2,5%, stim da je učestalost značajno veća kod
studenata 73,3% u odnosu na studentkinje 26,7%. Najzastupljeniji faktor rizika za definisanje metaboličkog sindroma bio je povišen nivo triglicerida
(86,7%). Povećan obim struka (80.0%) je drugi najčešći faktor rizika a zatim nizak nivo lipopproteina visoke gustine HDL (53,3%). Zanimljivo je da je
13,3% studenata imalo MetS a prema BMI pripadali su kategoriji normalno uhranjenih, dok je većina studenata sa znacima metaboličkog sindroma
pripadala kategoriji gojaznih 73,3%. Povećan rizik za nastanak MetSa imalo je 26,2% studenata jer su imali jedan ili dva faktora rizika neophodna za
postavljanje dijagnoze. Manje od polovine studenata redovno doručkuje 250 (41,7%) a pet obroka dnevno ima svega 22 (3,7%). Voće svakodnevno
konzumira 31,5%, povrće 22,4%, dok koštunjavo voće samo 4,2% studenata. Polovina studenata 52,2% konzumira brzu hranu 5 do 6 puta u toku
nedelje, kao i čips i slane grickalice, dok jedna trećina jede slatkiše svaki dan 36,3%. Mleko i mlečni proizvodi su najčešće na jelovniku dva do 4 puta
u toku nedelje kod većine studenata 28,5%.
Zaključak: Prevalencija Metsa u studentskoj populaciji znatno se ne razlikuje od prevalencije MetSa u svetu. S obzirom da postoji tendencija
porasta ovog oboljenja trebalo bi pažnju usmeriti na usvajanje zdravih stilova života, što podrazumeva, redovnu fizičku aktivnost, raznovrsrnu
ishranu sa dosta voća i povrća, održavanje telesna mase u okviru normalno uhranjene prema BMI klasifikaciji, prestanak pušenja i konzumacije
alkohola.
Ključne reči: Metabolički sindrom, ishrana, studenti 

Introduction: A self-assessment health condition provides a general approach to creating a picture of the health status of the population. Aim: The aim of the paper is to show the connection between different categories of self-assessed health with socio-demographic characteristics, risk factors and with the presence of one or more chronic non-communicable disease of adults in Serbian communities in Kosovo and Metohia. Method: The research was carried out as a cross section study. As an instrument for data collection, the questionnaire was applied in the 2013 Survey of the Health of the Population of Serbia (excluding Kosovo and Metohija), which is in line with the European Health Research Questionnaire. For the purposes of our research, the following variables were used; gender, age, education, working status, marital status, the presence of chronic non-communicable diseases, smoking, alcohol use and physical activity. Results: A total of 1067 respondents (51.3% of women) responded, with an average age of 42.2 (± 16.0) years. Most respondents in the survey found that they feel very good or good, a quarter of the middle (not bad or good), while their condition was poor or very poor assessed by just under 5% of respondents. Among the respondents who rated their health condition as poor or very poor, there were significantly more female respondents, middle age and 65 years of age. Also, people with primary and secondary education, economically inactive, and who are inclined to the sedentary way of life, have a poor picture of their health. The frequency of people who assess their health status as bad or very bad is the highest among respondents with two or more chronic diseases. Conclusion: Different categories of self-assessment health show a tendency to connect with different individual characteristics of adult respondents. Our results can help in creating a strategy of action and building preventive programs in a defined area.

Youth is a critical age to begin experimenting with alcohol and tobacco, whereby social prestige, self-assertion, relaxation from difficulties, the way of showing rebellion against authority and valid social norms are cited as motives. Consumption of alcohol and tobacco during the period of personality formation leads to permanent behavioral disorders, while the biological characteristics of young people determine the faster development of addiction to these substances regarding to adults. In addition, the social position of young people and the position of their families are extremely jeopardized. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of tobacco and alcohol use among students of the University of Pristina with a temporary headquarters in Kosovska Mitrovica, i.e. to establish the connection between these habits and the demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the students. The research was done as a cross sectional study on a representative sample of students of the University of Pristina with a temporary headquarters in Kosovska Mitrovica, in March and April 2011. The survey covered 567 subjects. The questionnaire served as a research instrument, the same that was used in researching the health behavior of students from other universities in the Republic of Serbia in 2000. The data were processed using descriptive statistics while the hi-square test was used to analyze the data. Out of the total number of surveyed students, a quarter (24.7%) answered that they were smoking cigarettes, while 91.4% of our respondents tasted alcohol. The highest proportion of respondents from the Faculty of Arts claims to consume cigarettes, students who get 4001-5000 dinars per week, as well as respondents who are "not particularly satisfied" with the their choice of faculty. The highest proportion of male students and students whose weekly pocket is from 2001 to 2000 dinars consume alcohol.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a syndrome which is caused by gradual progressive and irreversible reduction of kidney function. CKD has become a global health care problem. From a mental hygiene point of view, the aim of this study is to present the most important stressors in patients with CKD. Knowledge and recognition of everything that influences the increase of stress in people with CKD, on one hand leads to an improvement of understanding , and on the other gives us possibilities to prevent or at least reduce the negative effects of stress. Furthermore, patients with CKD often have anxiety and depressive symptoms which overlap with the clinical symptomatology of kidney disease, which is mostly caused by uremia. We have given certain suggestions for early depression screening in patients with CKD by analyzing previously conducted research. As far as diet is concerned, research suggests that patients with CKD should be prescribed a low protein diet which delays the progression of CKD, reduces the metabolical disbalance and delays the need for dialysis. A traditional diet focused on protein intake without a special selection of meals is recommended. Other recommendations are vegan diet as well as vegan diet with suplements. Furthermore, a diet without proteins with pastas without proteins, bread and other carbohydrates. There are also recommendations for a low protein diet with suplements with an intake of only 0.3 g/kg BM/protein a day with an addition of proteins from vegetables, amino and keto acids. Finally, it should be mentioned that comorbidities should be taken into consideration when prescribing a diet for patients with CKD. It is necessary for the patient to be compliant with the recommended diet.

Introduction: Soot usually occurs as a result of incomplete combustion of fuels containing carbon (fossil fuels - wood, coal). Air pollution is one of the most serious environmental threats to the urban population, which has harmful effects on human health, regardless of age. Objective to determine the extent to which the development of concentrations of soot in the air affects the air quality in the area tested. Methods: In the period from 2007. to 2011. the soot immission was followed at two sites: in Kosovska Mitrovica and Zvecan. The concentration of soot is determined by the reflectometric method. The statistical hypotheses were tested on statistical significance level of 0.05. Results: Overall, for both measuring points, there was a statistically significant change in value of the concentration of soot in the air (F = 6.779; p = 0.009). There was a significant increase in the concentration of soot in the air during the investigated years, with the highest values in 2010. and 2011. The average value of soot concentration for the period from 2007 to 2009 was 17.7 ± 21.3 mg / m while in the period from 2010. to 2011. it was 36.7 ± 45.2 µg/m , which represents a statistically significant difference (U = 910082.5; p<0.001). The amount of average concentrations of soot in the heating 3 3 season was 32.8 ± 44.2 µg/m while out of the heating season it was 16.8 ± 15.6 µg/m which is a statistically significant difference (U = 1030936; p <0.001). The distribution of average concentrations of soot in the air represented by month 3 showed the highest value in January at both measuring locations, in Kosovska Mitrovica 86.8 µg/m , and in Zvecan 34 3 µg/m . The total number of soot over the limit value in the period surveyed was in Kosovska Mitrovica 256 days, and in Zvecan 90 days.