The belief in the inability of neurogenesis, that is the inability to create new neurons after embryonic and early postnatal development of the central nervous system, was rejected in the mid-nineties, when the existence of neurogenesis in restricted areas of CNS adult mammals, including humans, was discovered.Transplantation of stem cells or their derivatives into respective tissues or organs is considered as one of the most promising remedies for many incurable diseases.In this review, we summarized current knowledge and present and future perspectives andchallenges regarding stem cells treatment for Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease, as the most common age-related neurodegenerative diseases.

Matične ćelije su nespecijalizovane ćelije organizma u vrlo ranom stadijumu razvića, koje u normalnim uslovima u datom tkivu mogu da se diferenciraju u različite tipove funkcionalno specijalizovanih zrelih ćelija. Mezenhimalne matične ćelije (MSCs) su atraktivni kandidati za kliničku primenu u obnavljanju oštećenih tkiva, pogotovu što se mogu izolovati iz više izvora i umnožavati, a njihova primena ne nosi nikakve etičke probleme. Metode izolacije MSCs iz masnog tkiva zasnivaju se na enzimatskom razlaganju dobijenog materijala. Uslovi kultivacije mezenhimalnih matičnih ćelija su temperatura od 37°C i parcijalni pritisak CO2 5%. MSCs se gaje u medijumu, najčešće u a-MEM medijumu sa 10% ili 20% fetalnim telećim serumom. Pod tim uslovima kultivisanja za 7-14 dana adherisane ćelije formiraju kolonije. MSCs su multipotentne i sposobne da se diferenciraju u uslovima in vitro u mezodermalnom pravcu, stvarajući osteoblaste, hondrocite i adipocite. Međutim, one mogu da se diferenciraju i u ćelije ektodermalnog (npr. neurone) i ćelije endodermalnog porekla (npr. ß-ćelije Langerhansovih ostrvaca pankreasa i hepatocite). U Laboratoriji za matične ćelije Departmana za biomedicinske nauke Državnog univerziteta u Novom Pazaru sprovodi se istraživanje MSCs poreklom iz humanog masnog tkiva. U saradnji sa hirurzima Zdravstvenog centra Novi Pazar, a uz poštovanje normi Etičkog komiteta obe ustanove u periodu od 01.07.2011. do 01.07.2012. godine dobijeno je 22 uzorka potkožnog humanog masnog tkiva od ispitanika starosti od 18 do 65 godina. Od 15 uzoraka uspešno je završen proces izolacije i kultivacije, a od 8 i ciljane mezodermalne diferencijacije.

Intussusception is a specific type of delay in the bowel passage which according to frequency, clearly takes place in children's abdominal surgical pathology. Most commonly occurs in children during the first year of life and from 6 and 9 months where the 3 diagnosed in boys than girls 2. The incidence is 1-4 per 1000 live-born children. The most common form of invagination is ileocecala (80%), ileocolic, and ileo-ileal colo-colic. Intussusception is most often idiopathic (almost 90%) cases, while in a very small percentage described the existence pathoanathomic substrate (points leaders), which areusually enlarged lymph nodes or Meckel divertikulum. Surgical therapy for these other groups is much more radical. For a period of 6 years (2003-2009), which we cover the work, the children’s surgery of the Health Center Novi Pazar was treated with 22 children diagnosed with invagination (intussusception). Of this number, there were 14 (63.63%) boys, 8 girls (36.36%), and the average number of cases was 4.44 per year. Frequently appeared ileo-cecal and ileo-ileal (90.63%), while colocolic and ileocolic appeared much less (9.09%). The most common clinical symptoms were the presence of fresh blood in the stool, painful cramps and, vomiting who did the dominant clinical presentation in the majority. Following: fever, malaise, and even convulsions. The conclusion is: triad of symptoms (pain, vomiting and blood in the stool in the form "of currant jelly") were pathognomonic diagnosis. The method of choice in the diagnosis and conservative therapy is the initial hydrostatic desinvagination controlled ultrasound.