Heart insufficiency is frequent and important complication of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Aim of this work was to estimate frequency, haevyness and course of heart insufficiency in patients with AMI who were different treated in initial phase of AMI, based on what they were separated in three different therapeutic groups: group treated with thrombolytic therapy, group treated with beta-blockers and group treated with nitrates. It was shown that time of admission and condition of patient in moment of admission is the key factor for choise of therapy but using of therapy making less frequency and heavyness of heart insufficiency while for cases with most difficult forms of insufficiency of heart as a pump thrombolytic therapy is practically only posible choice

Systematic and programmed physical exercise, called training, play a significant role in human health and ability improvement. A moderate physical exercise is considered as a very efficient method of increasing general physical ability and reaching the top results in sport, and simultaneously contributes to health quality of persons having sedentary professions. In active sportspersons, ability of cardiovascular, respiratory and bone-muscle systems are determined by training quality itself. Sportspersons show characteristically better adaptability of neurohumoral system to effort, as well as a higher activity of intracellular enzyme systems. Well-dosed physical exercise has an exceptional influence on human health, above all by regulating cholesterol blood level and electrolyte level of serum, whose minimal change can directly affect human health. This study was aimed to establish quantity and quality of organism response to physical exercise, in regard to level of daily training, by determining lipid fractions level in serum and electrolyte composition of serum. The study involved 50 healthy men in age between 20 and 25, divided into two groups. The first group was composed by physically untrained men, chosen by the random sample method. The other group of subjects was composed by 35 active sportsmen, chosen by direct selection for the best-trained ones among them. In order to reach a submaximal exertion, we used Astrand's test of submaximal exertion on the bicycle-ergometer. Blood samples were taken immediately before and after testing. The following parameters were determined in blood serum: high-density lipoproteins (HDL), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), triglyceride + + 2+ 2+ - content, as well as concentration of sodium (Na ), potassium (K ), calcium (Ca ), magnesium (Mg ) and chlorine (Cl) ions. On the base of our research we concluded that physical exercise of submaximal intensity did not lead to any quantitative and qualitative change of lipid fractions in blood serum of untrained persons. Physically inactive persons had higher serum concentrations of triglycerides and total cholesterol in regard to the investigated sportsmen. At the same time, sportsmen showed a higher HDL content of serum. Physical exertion in sportsmen led to a significant rise of triglycerides and highdensity lipoproteins content of serum, and the levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins did not changed + ++ significantly. Physical exertion of submaximal intensity in both studied groups caused a significant increase of Na , Ca and ++ + - Mg ion concentration, while concentration of K and Cl ions did not changed significantly. Numerous clinical studies showed that moderate aerobe exercise amplifies endothelial function and reduces cardiovascular risk

Visual acuity in the patients who suffered from end stage renal disease (ESRD) on hemodialysis (HD) treatment is essential prerequisite of good life quality. PURPOSE: to evaluate the prevalence and causes of visual impairment at the patients on HD. METHOD: 71 patients on HD were assessed with this study. The main outcomes were best corrected visual acuity and primary cause of visual impairment. RESULTS: statistical significance obtained for the followed refraction errors: 42 % of patients had hyperopia (p<0.000; 95% CI 0.36-0.48) and 15% of them myopia (p=0.030; 95% CI 0.11-0.19) as well as low vision (amblyopia) at 6% (p=0.024; 95%CI 0.03-0.09). CONCLUSION: it's necessarily to provide regular monitoring of all patients on HD. Prevalence of refractive errors and visual impairment is more often among patients on HD then on general population

Old age can be defined as a variety of changes in structure and function which begin at the stage of reproductive maturity, and that changes are manifested as a lesser ability of adaptation and lesser way of defending from the influence of outside and inside factors. Neurons of sympathetic trunk, as well as the other neuron cells, are changeable during the life. Neurobiological, old age begins at the time of birth, because the number of neurons is not increasing, it's only getting lower, which means that neurons are post mitotic cells. The process of old age is increased with some degenerative changes at some diseases and its hard to know what belongs to, so called, physiologic way of getting old and what is pathologic. Concentration of lipofuscin in cells (pigment of old age), is the parameter for physiologic old age of a person. Concentration is changeable, and it depends from the tissue or the organ, concentration is controlled by the internal regulatory factors and the factors of environment as the way of nutrition, physical activity, stress and hygienic factors.

The aim of work was to find out whether multiparity led to increased morbidity and mortality of mothers multyparous. Special attention was paid to appearance of diseases among mothers, both those developed during pregnancy and immediately after delivery. Multiparity is especially characteristic of women of Albanian nationality. Thus it is obvious that there is a reverse proportion between multiparous women and level of education the higher level of education is the smaller is the number of previous deliveries. There is a significant difference in apsolute number of deliveries according to the place of living in favor of rural residence. Number of both EPH gestoses (Eclampsia, pre-eclampsia) and indications for Caesarian section is increasing with multiparity. Abruption of normaly inserted placenta is significantly more frequent among multiparous women. It is obvious that multiparous women more frequently have bleedings during third and forth delivery period. There were also a large number of hysterectomies during delivery (75). Death rate of women is significantly increasing with multiparity. Eclampsia is the cause of death among more than half of all women. Resuming all data the autor is pointing out that grand multiparity, giving birth to more than six children, is, mfom medical point of view, an increased risk both for a newborn and a pregnant woman. Perinatal motality and morbidity is increased and high risk during pregnancy, delivery and puerperium is simultaneously rising until the pregnant woman's life is seriously endangered

Diabetes mellitus with one`s chronical complications is the cause of the large percent morbidites and mortality, among the population. With regard to a lot of people who have diabetes mellitus tip 2 (WHO-over 170.000.000 peoples), adequate therapy is very important. By this stady, we wont to show positive consequence new therapy for medication diabetes mellitus typ 2, chiefly application tiazolidinedion in therapy. Handlend 25 patientis with diabetes mellitus typ 2 during 3-mounth observed. Patients were divide in II groups forms on basic of the kind therapy. At the end of 3-mounth, derived results (decrease HbA1c from 7.9%±1.24% to 6.99±0.89%; data value fasting glycemia from 8.99mmol/l±2.08 mmol/l to 7.45±1.35 mmol/l, and value glycemia after meal 10.36 mmol/l±2.18 mmol/l to 8.18 mmol/l±1.31 mmol/l) indicate validity the introduction tiazolidinedion in therapy diabetes mellitus type 2.

The aim of this study was to show values of dynamometric parameters in elite athletes, and to determine and explain difference in those parameters between persons of various sport specialities and non sportsmen. In the study were included 153 participants: 123 elite athletes (17 boxers, 17 wrestlers, 27 hockey, 23 volleyball, 20 handball, 20 basketball and 19 soccer players) and 30 students, non sportsmen. Muscular strength (A) and power (P) were registrated by dynamometry. As a result of chronic adaptation to training, athletes had significantly higher values of registered parameters than non sportsmen. Lowest values of dynamometric parameters were measured in non sportsmen, at arm flexion A was 57.65 kg and power P285.60 W. Comparing results of athletes of different sport specialties, significant difference was found in values of some parameters. Dynamometric parameter at arm flexion has had the highest value in tested wrestlers 82.0kg, and lowest values were registered in soccer players, but only in absolute values. Differences in some measured parameters between groups of athletes can be explained by specific demands in different sports, during prolonged training and performance activities

Dental caries (Caries Dentis) is multi cause, multi phase, and reversible disease of infectious nature. Modern understanding of caries etiology is showing that dental caries is complex disease as a result of numbers of factors which can be divided on causal (primary) and conditional (secondary) . According to this concept caries is an implication of local factors synergy (host-tooth, microorganisms, nutrition or substratum), as primal factors and a number of secondary factors which can react in various phases of teeth growth and function. Specific type of caries is early caries, characteristic for youngest age (suckling and infants). Early childhood caries ECC is a concept used to realistically describe emersion of all caries changes, in primal, milk dentitio , when caries exists on tooth at the least. This disease is becoming very serious health problem both in dental and medical way. And it should not be observed isolated like a dental problem but like a problem which affects overall child development. In Kosovo County, among children of age from 2 to 5, there is 96.7% of caries teeth, 2.3% of filled teeth and 0.7% of extracted teeth. Percentage of children with caries is statistically growing with age and is in range from 45.4% for a two years old, up to 77.2% for a five years old

After restoration of approximative cavities where gingive wall is forming subgingivaly occurs an damage of epitel of gingival sulcus and subepitel fibrous tissue. These damages occur partially in order of direct irritative effect of materials, and partially because of inadequately made definite reisen. Anomaly which may occur while making reisen, is effect of micro leakage between reisen wall of cavities roughness and reisen parts which prominate above anatomic tooth sphere , enable faster and bigger accumulating of dental plaque. Gingive inflammation is widening deeper in parodontium trough vascular network situated in interdental bone septum. Inflammation is constantly spreading from the point and reaches parodontium. The aim of this study is to estimate clinical changes in parodontium within certain group of patients of different age and sex, caused by inadequate dental restoration. Results of this research present that anomaly in dental reisen , have great influence on inflammation reaction of parodontium. Composite reisen cause higher degree of inflammatory reaction in compared to amalgam reisen

The tibial and femoral shaft fractures representing prototyp in orthopedic traumatology and great problem for resolving. The speed of limb recovering functionality after surgery is important, and often desicisive for result of treatment. Place of external fixation (EF) in surgical treatment of femurs in DCOS (damage control orthopedic surgery), cominutions of femoral shaft and open fractures, rarely as definitive method. EF in treatment of tibial shaft fractures today take a place as a definitive method like intramedulary nailing. On department of orthopedic surgery in HC Kosovska Mitrovica we examined quality of life and speed of lower limb recovering functionality on 70 patients treated with EF tip Mitkovic as a definitive curative method. The time of achieving early function of lower limbs we divided on 4 levels, and writed time when patients achieved level 3 and 4. Also this timing we compared with middle time of healing tibial or femoral shaft fractures (golden standard) .We examined quality of life with EuroQol 5D evaluation system. 90% of our patient in period 8 to 12 weeks achieved level 3 and 4. There statisticaly significant diference between examined gropu and golden standard, p<0,05. We concluded that EF tip Mitkovic as definiyive curative method improved the speed of lower limbs recovering functionality. Quality of life is very high, 84 points. The number of complications where expected and in proportion with literatures data.

Prepathogenesis of mass occurrence of disease as a complex happening is hiding the “screen”. Social influence remained hidden inside school «25. may», which had as a consequence shown higher distribution of manifested disease. As the main point at performance of events is scientism based on “black box system”. There is uncritical trust in paradigm, statistic methodology there comes “parroting”. Sheltered by screen content of the events, between the enter of the first (sub)system and exit of the final (sub)system the most critical maintain “mixed approach”, with the aim to reveal into the real dynamics by “natural happening of mass disease”, into “driving force” that is causes of self moving - spontaneous genesis of epidemics: a) for mass effects of it is 'natural work' (appropriate according to another effect, with accidentally casual effect of helping of appearance of disease) which contributes coherence and consistence of contagion and man who can get disease - what will result with binary 'causative link'; while the following cause is important b) the appearance of disease: pathogenic of contagion will reflect only after previous appearance of permanent 'immanent causative link'. Reconstitution of epidemic is final act, recapitulation of familiar natural happening of concrete epidemic with anterograde chronology how the event itself happened.

Anxiety disorders are very common illnesses that are reported in approximately one third to one quarter of the entire population during the lifetime. Many anxiety disorders are being reported early in life, they have chronic progress, and cause significant difficulties, interfere in daily life activities and create huge economical expenses. It has been evaluated that 46.6 billion dollars out of 147.8 billion dollars overall mental disorders expenses in US is being spent on anxiety disorders, while in European community those expenses exceed 41 billion Euros. In spite of that, pharmacoeconomical aspects of these illnesses so far drawn much less attention than so called large mental illnesses (schizophrenia, depression), and the reason for that is probably that earlier relatively cheep benzodiazepines were dominantly used in treating anxiety disorders. However, in newer times the anti-depressives became the first choice for anxiety disorders, especially those from the group of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI). The increase of anxiety disorders prevalence and changes in modern pharmacotherapy create promising research conditions for starting the studies in area of pharmacoeconomics in the world, and in our country

Drugs prescription and drugs accessibility are among the most important drug use related topics. A patients questionnaire was conducted in the area of Novi Sad, Bačka Palanka, Bač, Temerin and Odžak (all in South Bačka region), because the routine medical statistics does not provide all neccessary data about the drugs availability. It is demonstrated that pressure and expectations of patients and doctor-patient relationship influence the choice of drugs to be prescribed. Positive list drugs deficiency represent a great problem, forcing patients to buy drugs in private-owned stores or abroad.

Myocarditis is defined, clinically and pathologically, as inflammation of the heart muscle. The autoimmune phase is belived to play a major role and the use immunosuppressive agents may be useful in containing myocyte destruction. Aims was to systematically review the impact of Immunomodulative therapy on the outcame of severe and acute myocarditis in children. We retrospectively studied all the children admitted to University Children s Hospital with an acute viral myocarditis (AVM) from 2003-2008y. Patients were included if they had 1.severe and acute heart failure, 2 left ventricular dysfunction assessed by echocardiography, 3. a recent history of viralillness and 4. absens of personal or familial history of cardiomyopthy. Fourteen patient (37%) had severe and acute myocaditys. Seven patients were treated with immunomodulative therapy and anticongestive therapy (group I). Other seven patients were treated with anticongestive therapi only (group II). We comparred the use of antikongestiv therapy alone, with a combination of immunomodulative. Such studies have documented succeful outcome of AVM with immunomodulative trearment.

Nonsteroidal antiinflamatory drugs are currently one of the most widely used categories of drugs, because there is a huge number of indication for theirs purpose. This huge purpose of this drugs has theirs own price, which is shown in side effects, especialy in the upper parts of gastrointestinal tract: erosions of the mucose in 35-60 %, ulcers in 10-25%, strong bleeding or perforation in <1%. It is appears that this drugs are responsible for 10-20 thousands lethal outcome in the world. Even small dose of acetlisalicil acid by 75 mg,which is used in prevention of cardiovascular disease, brings to the damage of mucose GIT and 11% have ulcer. Inhibition ciklooxigen-1,which have main role in protection mucose of stomach and duodenum on the part of NAIL, lead to damage mucose GIT, and that is the result of sistemic inhibition, which is indenpendant of the way of getting drugs. Some author instigate a local effect of Nail,as week acid. It is necessary to protect highrisk pacient with using gastroprotektiv drugs

Despite progress in conventional pharmacology in producing effective drugs, the plant kingdom might provide a useful source of new anti-ulcer compounds for development pharmaceutical entities or, alternatively, as simple dietary adjuncts to existing therapies. Botanical compounds with anti-ulcer activity include flavonoids(i.e.quercetin, naringin, silymarin, anthocyanosides, sophoradin derivatives) saponins (i.e. from Panax japonicus and Kochia scoparia), tannins (i.e. from Linderae umbellatae), gums and mucilages (i.e. gum guar and myrrh). This article reviews the gastro-protective and anti-ulcer properties of the most commonly employed herbal medicines and their identified active constituents. Among herbal drugs, liquorice, aloe gel and capsicum (chilli) have been used extensively and their clinical efficacy documented, but тhe documented literature has centred primarily on pharmacological action in experimental animals.

There are many forms of physical energy which, during such a short period of time, had rich history and which found wide application in the science of medicine, as was the case with the ultrasound in the last fifty years or so. The ultrasound got its affirmation rather soon, as valuable biologically harmless method used for detecting and explaining various pathological conditions in the science of medicine, and therefore in otorhinolaryngology as well. In the following study, the technique of the ultrasound examination of paranasal sinuses is described in details, standard echogramic patterns are
represented, and means of their interpretation are explained as well, regarding the fact that it is not standard. Special focus is
on the literature review whereby the valorization of the ultrasonography in relation to acute and chronic diseases of the maxillary sinuses is performed. In that sense, over 30 extracts by the authors from all parts of the world are represented. The
insight into the results of the latter reports, as well as the author own experiences, lead to the conclusion that the A-mode
ultrasonography represents an impartial method applicable in diagnostics of the maxillary sinus diseases. It is practical and
economical for it is performed quickly and in a rather simple manner. It is an invasive and painless method, comfortable for
the patient. Main advantage in relation to other radiological methods lies in the avoidance of the patient and medical doctor's
exposure to X-rays, therefore the ultrasonography method is a matter of choice for diagnosis of primarily maxillary sinus
acute diseases with children and pregnant women. Due to extraordinary sensitivity in the evaluation of the sinus secret, with
acute diseases it represents valuable, impartial supplementary method. On the other hand, due to weaker peculiarity, with
chronic diseases ultrasonography only represents a selective method

Work construe problems in children's protenuria.It is about physiology, pathological and insulated protenuria, also observation of examination stages of children with protenuria. It is about glomerul filtration and ultrafiltration barrier. Histochemical aspect show us that membrane is between palmately extensions and electromicroscopically aspect which indicate on subendotel part of basic membrane. About tubular absorption and removing of albumin from primary ultrafiltrate. Work is about proximal tubul and mechanism for reabsorption and transport of protein and peptid. Pathological protenuria is segmented on glomerul,tubul,hiper-production/overflow,and histuria. Work contains protenuria in different forms, transitiv, ortostatic and persistence. There are prepositions of three phases in examinations of protenuria

Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory disease that is largely attributable to infections with gram-negative bacteria and is characterised by both gingival inflammation and alveolar bone resorption. Beside macrophages, the second most common cells of the gingival inflammatory infiltrat are mast cells. Mast cells are heterogenous cell population which live from six months to one year. These cells are activated by differnt immunologic and non-immunologic signals. Activated mast cells can secrete a range of substances that regulate angiogenesis, tissue remodeling and wound healing, which include both degradation and synthesis of tissue components. Apart from that, mast cells have an important role in phagocytosis, antigen processing and presentation to T-cells. It is confirmed that gingival mast cells can express matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2. This indicates that mast cells are likely to play an important role in inflammation and tissue degradation in periodontal diseases.

Allergen-specific immunotherapy (SIT) is the practice of administering gradually increasing quantities of an allergen extractto an allergic subject to ameliorate the symptoms associated with the subsequent exposure to the causative allergen. The major objectives of SIT in alergy disorders are, in the short term, to reduce the allergic triggers precipitating symptoms, and, in the long term, to decrease allergy inflammation and nonspecific bronchial hyperreactivity when bronchial remodeling is not prominent. The mechanisms of SIT are complex but it was convincingly shown to act by modifying Th2 cell responses either by immune deviation (increase in Th0/Th1) or T cell anergy (decrease inTh2/Th0) or more likely both. Specific immunotherapy is the only treatment that may alterthe natural course of allergic disease.

In this work we present a basic aspects of ionising radiation (afterward of depleted uranium), this effects to human organism, esspecially on radiobiological, health effects on human skin. Health effects ionising radiation on skin depends of its doses. High doses given stron reaction, already in a few days after radiation, and later manifestations arise after longer exposition lower doses this radiation. In this work we present a basics pathophysiological aspects, without specifical clinical manifestations of radiation dermatitis.

Eosinophilic Granuloma (EG) represent the most benign and localized form of the three Langerhans cell histiocytosis syndromes. In bone, it is a tumor-like proliferation Langerhans cells. Intraosseous EG lesions can be solitary or multifocal. EG accounts for 60-70 % of Langerhans cells histiocytosis cases. The authors are describle a 21 year-old men with Eosinophilic granuloma. The disease had a rarely course with disorders multiple lesions in bones

Traumatic extraction of permanent teeth (avulsion completa) is a serious teeth injury with uncertain outcome and it requires dentist's on duty fast and adequate reaction. In this study a complete therapy plan for eleven year old girl, who came to the Clinic because of avulsed teeth 11, third class fracture of tooth 12 and second class fracture of tooth 21, was showed. After clinical examination and upper frontal region X-ray, we started with replantation of the tooth 11, as well as with wirecomposite splint placement. After successfully done replantation and injured teeth endodontic treatment, prosthetic sanation of the patient was done. In this study, clinical picture of the patient one year after the injury was also showed.

Sjögren'ssyndrom is autoimmune disorder where cells of immune system afack and destroy eccrine glands which produce tears and spit. We have a patients with following problems: dryness of the bucal lining and conjunctiva, dysphagia of solid food, paint in joints amd muscles, hand sensitivity to coldness.

The biggest Serbian medival hospital had founded Stefan Urosh III Nemanjich in the monastery named Dechani. In 1340, it had been founded the hospital of the emperors Dushan in monastery of St.Arhangel near tawn Prizren. By liberation of the province Kosovo and Metohija from the Turkish rule and by united with Serbia,the health had been diveloping in this region. In 1922, it had been founded the state hospital in 1931. Governor, and in 1938, this hospital had the 120 beds and three laboratory rooms for analyses of blood and of urine. In 1924, it had been formed the first bacterologist station in Prizren. In 1928, it had been formed the State childrens home which is in 1929. had been become public health station with the general school ambulanta first aid station,bathroom and laboratory. In 1927. it had been working the Polyclinic in Prishtina were theyhad been carrying on the laboratory analyses.In these health resorts in the province of Kosovo and Metohija have been carrying on the analyses of blood, urine and of bowel as and the microscopy of preparation to malaria and it has been carrying on the education of skilled workers for these analyses. After the Second World war it had been carrying on the education of laboratory technians it the courses and by opening of laboratories in hospitals and health stations in Kosovo and Metohija the specialization of medicine biochemistry have been ending a lot of pharmacists who give a famous contribution to the development of biochemistry in this territory.