Funkcionalno primarni nervni putevi predstavljaju osnovne provodne strukture centralnog nervnog sistema, odgovorne za integraciju i prenos
motornih, senzitivnih i senzorijalnih informacija. U ovom radu analiziraju se njihova morfološka organizacija, sistematizacija u projekcione,
asocijacione i komisuralne puteve, kao i njihove uloge u regulaciji voljnih i automatskih funkcija organizma.
Poseban akcenat stavljen je na kliničke korelacije, prikazane su najčešće patologije povezane sa oštećenjem pojedinih puteva (moždani udar,
Parkinsonova bolest, siringomijelija, multiple skleroza), njihove manifestacije i relevantne dijagnostičke metode. Kroz tabelarniprikaz omogućeno je
jasno razumevanje anatomsko-kliničkih odnosa.
Rad ukazuje na značaj nervnih puteva ne samo u teorijskom okviru neuroanatomije, već i u savremenoj dijagnostičkoj i terapijskoj praksi. Integracija
morfoloških znanja sa funkcionalnim i kliničkim principima predstavlja ključ za efikasnu procenu neurološkog statusa i planiranje terapijskih
strategija.
Ključne reči: neuroanatomija, funkcionalni putevi, kliničke korelacije, terapijske implikacije

Uvod: Akutni moždani udar (AMU) je treći uzrok smrti u svetu, a prvi u našoj sredini. Pored toga što ima tako visoku smrtnost, AMU je bolest sa
najvećim stepenom invaliditeta u odnosu na sve druge neurološke bolesti. Različiti tipovi moždanog udara praćeni su glavoboljama, koje su često prvi
i/ili kardinalni znak, često i životno ugrožavajućih cerebrovaskularnih bolesti.
Glavni deo: Iako značajna većina pacijenata sa glavoboljom ima benignu etiologiju, lekari koji leče te pacijente moraju postaviti tačnu dijagnozu i
potvrditi ili isključiti ozbiljno stanje, kao u slučaju AMU (1). Glavobolje koje se pripisuju AMU obuhvataju akutni ishemijski moždani udar, tranzitorni
ishemijski atak, intrakranijalnu i subarahnoidalnu hemoragiju, a nalaze se u grupi glavobolja koje se pripisuju kranijalnim ili cervikalnim vaskularnim
poremećajima, prema Međunarodnoj klasifikaciji glavobolja iz 2018. godine (2). Temeljno proučavanje karakteristika glavobolja koje se pripisuju
AMU može pomoći u ranoj identifikaciji pacijenata sa kritičnim MU uz optimalno i blagovremeno lečenje. Stoga, proučavanje karakteristika
glavobolje koja se pripisuje AMU i njegovih prediktora može doprineti poboljšanju ishoda (3). Posebnu pažnju treba obratiti na akutnu glavobolju, sa
karakterom „udara groma“, koja svoj vrhunac dostiže za samo par sekundi, a neretko je jedini ili dominirajući znak u kliničkoj slici. Ovakva
glavobolja je u 55% sličajeva okcipitalna i obostrana i tada upućuje na subarahnoidalnu hemoragiju (4)
Glavobolja koja se pripisuje drugom tipu hemoragijskog MU, intrakranijalnoj hemoragiji, najčešće se javlja u isto vreme sa drugim simptomima.
Praćena je neurološkim ispadima, mučninom, povraćanjem i poremećajem svesti. Evolucija, kvalitet, intenzitet i lokalizacija ove glavobolje zavise od
veličine, lokalizacije i evolucije krvarenja u parenhimu mozga (5). Akutni ishemijski moždani udar je daleko češći od predhodna dva, hemoragijskog
tipa, ali je glavobolja kod ovog tipa AMU ređa i kreće se od 7,4% do 34%, dok je kod tranzitornog ishemijskog ataka nešto veća, 26% – 36% (6). Mlađi
bolesnici i osobe sa migrenom imaju značajno veću učestalost glavobolje nakom ishemijskog AM (7,8). Može se javiti pre, tokom ili nakon drugih
simptoma, brzo dostiže vrhunac do umerenog intenziteta, mnogo češće stezajućeg od probadajućeg, žarežeg ili pulzirajućeg karaktera. Ova
glavobolja javlja se ipsilateralno sa infarktom mozga i pogoršava se sa pogoršanjem vaskularnog poremećaja. U mnogim od navedenih stanja, kao što
je ishemija ili hemoragija, glavobolju maskiraju fokalni znaci i/ili gubitak svesti (1,6) .
Zaključak: Glavobolje koje se pripisuju AMU imaju različite karakteristike u zavisnosti od tipa moždanog udara i drugih faktora. Poznavanje
karakteristika glavobolja i prepoznavanje vremenske udruženosti istih sa drugim simptomima i znacima omogućuje brzo postavljanje tačne dijagnoze
vaskularne bolesti i rano započinjanje adekvatnog lečenja. Dakle, dobro poznavanje glavobolja ima važnu ulogu u ranoj dijagnozi, terapiji i
sprečavanju potencijalno teško onesposobljavajućih neuroloških posledica nakon AMU.
Ključne reči: Glavobolje, Akutni moždani udar

Introduction/Objective

The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between use of psychoactive substances among University students and diagnosed somatic or mental disorders.

Methods

The cross-sectional study was conducted in a population of 2,000 students of the Belgrade University. Four faculties (Medicine, Geography, Economics, Electrical Engineering) from which the students participating in this research were chosen by the method of random choice (by computer listing), conducted in the period April - June 2010.

Results

We observed that are more numerous students who used psychoactive substances among students with diagnosed somatic illnesses compared to those without them. Statistical significance was found among students who used tobacco (p=0.027), alcohol (p=0.002), sedatives (p<0.001) and cannabis (p=0.021). Mental disorders are also connected to use of psychoactive substances. The statistical significance was achieved for all psychoactive substances except for alcohol.

Conclusion

Use of psychoactive substances is an important issue among University students with diagnosed somatic or mental disorder. Therefore, it is essential to recognize the symptoms and consequences of such behavior, and above all and connection thereof, the importance of prevention which may enhance better solution-seeking via proper education.

Introduction/Objective 
The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of alcohol use in the student population of the University of
Belgrade.
Methods 
The cross-sectional study was conducted in a population of 2,000 students of the Belgrade University. Four faculties (Medicine, Geography,
Economics, Electrical Engineering) from which the students participating in this research were chosen by the method of random choice (by computer
listing), conducted in the period April - June 2010.
Results 
Among our respondents, the highest amount of spirits is consumed by respondents from the Faculty of Electrical Engineering, with 22% of
them consuming more than 6 shots on each occasion, while the smallest number of students who drink more than 6 shots on each occasion are from
the Faculty of Economics, with 8%. Students from the Faculty of Electrical Engineering, who have the lowest prevalence of cigarette use, consume
alcohol in a binge drinking pattern. The highest frequency of binge drinking in the past year and in the past month before the survey was among
respondents from the Faculty of Geography.
Conclusion 
There is a need for developing a conscience about all the effects that alcohol has, especially physical ones which are not usually noticed
immediately; taking responsibility for own actions; working on a healthy life style and educating people to enhance and improve their health control.

Introduction: Nummular headache is a type of primary headache of chronic character, with a large number of described varieties in the clinical picture, and therefore the differential diagnostic consideration must include a large number of disorders related to changes in epicranial structures. Certain dermatological disorders can also include pain in a limited area of the scalp with itching, burning or burning sensation, such as Lichen Planopilaris. Case report: This is a report of a patient who was initially diagnosed with Lichen planopilaris, but after determining the parameters of the distinction and the necessary additional diagnostic procedures, a diagnosis of Nummular headache was made. Conclusion: In this presentation, we have presented another important differential diagnostic item and we believe that the work is a small contribution to everyday practice, but also to further research.

Thyroid storm is an acute and severe complication of thyrotoxicosis. It is characterized by high fever, sweating, tachycardia, and often heart failure too. The objectives of the paper is to present the case of a patient with thyroid storm developed after the trauma of the chest at previously apparently healthy individuals, diagnosed on the basis of clinical preview and based on the diagnostic criteria according to Burch and Wartofsky. The most common complication is Mb. Graves - Basedow, but often associated with multi-nodose goiter. Thyroid storm is the most severe form of thyrotoxicosis with a mortality rate of 8 to 25 %. Case report. We present an interesting case from our practice: thyroid storm caused after chest trauma in apparently healthy people, but with unrecognized hyperthyroidism and thyroid gland nodule. Conclusion. The objectives of this presentation were to raise awareness of the association between signs and symptoms of thyroid storm that dominate the clinical picture and complicate the initial presentation and the evolution of the situation caused by trauma. The treatment of hyperthyroidism resulted in conversion in sinus rhythm, withdrawal of symptoms and signs heart failure, and normalization of artery pressure.

Introduction: A self-assessment health condition provides a general approach to creating a picture of the health status of the population. Aim: The aim of the paper is to show the connection between different categories of self-assessed health with socio-demographic characteristics, risk factors and with the presence of one or more chronic non-communicable disease of adults in Serbian communities in Kosovo and Metohia. Method: The research was carried out as a cross section study. As an instrument for data collection, the questionnaire was applied in the 2013 Survey of the Health of the Population of Serbia (excluding Kosovo and Metohija), which is in line with the European Health Research Questionnaire. For the purposes of our research, the following variables were used; gender, age, education, working status, marital status, the presence of chronic non-communicable diseases, smoking, alcohol use and physical activity. Results: A total of 1067 respondents (51.3% of women) responded, with an average age of 42.2 (± 16.0) years. Most respondents in the survey found that they feel very good or good, a quarter of the middle (not bad or good), while their condition was poor or very poor assessed by just under 5% of respondents. Among the respondents who rated their health condition as poor or very poor, there were significantly more female respondents, middle age and 65 years of age. Also, people with primary and secondary education, economically inactive, and who are inclined to the sedentary way of life, have a poor picture of their health. The frequency of people who assess their health status as bad or very bad is the highest among respondents with two or more chronic diseases. Conclusion: Different categories of self-assessment health show a tendency to connect with different individual characteristics of adult respondents. Our results can help in creating a strategy of action and building preventive programs in a defined area.

Topiramate is a newer drug with a strong antiepileptic potential, but also with adverse effects, especially on cognitive functions. This review deals with the study covering the impact of topiramate on cognition in patients with epilepsy. The most common side effects are included somnolence, psychomotor slowing, difficulty in memory, concentration and attention disorder and problems with speaking. Most studies have shown that a high initial dose, rapid titration and application in polytherapy increase the risk of cognitive impairment after-introduction of topiramate. In addition, depression and early onset of the disease can also contribute to cognitive adverse effects, even at low doses of the drug. Although topiramate indisputably linked to the risk of interference cognitive impairments, some studies suggest their reversibility. This, together with high efficiency antiepileptic obliges researchers to continue searching for the risk factors and mechanisms of cognitive side effects in order to define the profile of patients who would be of maximum benefit of the drug in controlling seizures with absent or acceptable side effects.