Leukoaraiosis is a change in brain white matter with characteristic manifestation in MR and CT head scans. Common leukoaraiosis risk factors include aging and arterial hypertension. A quarter of symptomatic ischemic infarcts belongs to small blood vessel disease group and could be presented as lacunar infarcts. These two crucial pathophysiological mechanisms are in the root of cognitive dysfunction related to small blood vessel disease. 60 lacunar infarct patients were examined and parameters for groups with and without leukoaraiosis were determined. It was found that leukoaraiosis incidence was highest in the group of women older than 70. Neurological assessment was scored on NIH-NINDS scale, functional status was scored with Barthelo index, and cognitive status was determined using Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale Late (ADAS-L). Correlation analysis of these parameters on significance level of *p<0.05, **p<0.01, suggests decrease in neurological status and cognitive performance.

U našoj kulturi, upotreba alkohola se uglavnom toleriše. Pri tom, alkohol je lako dostupan, pa čak i predstavlja jedan poseban model ponašanja. Mladi čine rizičnu populaciju za zloupotrebu alkohola pri čemu većina njih počinje da eksperimentiše sa alkoholom u ranoj adolescenciji i rano stvara naviku pijenja. Utvrditi učestalost korišćenja alkohola i stavove prema konzumiranju alkoholnih pića među studentima Medicinskog i Ekonomskog fakulteta u Kosovskoj Mitrovici i povezanost sa njihovim demografskim i socijalno-ekonomskim karakteristikama. Istraživanje je urađeno kao studija preseka na reprezentativnom uzorku studenata Medicinskog i Ekonomskog fakulteta u Kosovskoj Mitrovici, u periodu od 26. do 30. novembra 2013. godine. Kao instrument istraživanja poslužio je Upitnik o ponašanju i zdravlju. Od statističkih metoda korišćeni su hi-kvadrat i Mann- Whitney-ijev test, sa nivoom značajnosti od 0,05. U nedelji koja je prethodila istraživanju alkohol je probao značajno veći deo studenata Ekonomskog fakulteta (55,2%) u odnosu na studente Medicinskog fakulteta (29,9%). Češće su alkoholna pića pili muškarci, stariji studenti i studenti viših godina studija. Najveći deo studenata se izjasnio da je alkohol prvi put probalo u kući uz prisustvo roditelja (37,6%), da je korišćenje alkohola socijalno prihvatljivo u sredinama u kojoj žive (76,1%) i među kolegama (81,6%), i da im ne bi bilo neprijatno kada bi u društvu kolega naručili piće koje nije alkoholno (87%). Skoro svaki treći student medicine i svaki drugi student ekonomije u Kosovskoj Mitrovici je probao alkohol u prethodnoj nedelji, dok većina ocenjuje da je korišćenje alkohola socijalno prihvatljivo u sredinama u kojoj žive i studiraju.

Topiramate is the new antiepileptic drug, which is related with high efficiency in the reduction seazures, and also whit high prevalention of cognitive adverse events. Purpose of study is to define the relationship between efficiency topiramate in control of epileptic seizure and the apperance of cognitive adverse events. In the prospective stady we followed 40 adult patients with refractory epilepsy, which treatment took place on the Institute of neurology Clinical center of Serbia. The efficacy of treatment was estimated as the ratio of the total number of seizures during the last two months before the introduction of topiramate (on basic antiepileptic therapy) and during the last two months on stable (200mg/day) dose of topiramate.All patients are neuropsychological tested twice. First time before the start of therapy with topiramate, and next time two months after the achieving of stable dose. We used neuropsychological tests for evaluation attention, concentration, visual and verbal memory, speech, executive functions, divergent opinion and visual construction abilities. Patients with good success of topiramate in control of the seizures had worse scores on cognitive measurements than patients in whom topiramate was not demonstrated efficacy in treating epileptic seizures. Our findings indicate that the appearance of cognitive adverse events of topiramate possible in patients with reduction of seizure after the introduction of drug. This suggests that the same mechanism topiramat achieve a positive therapeutic effect and adverse effect on cognition in people with epilepsy.

Patients with epilepsy more often than healthy individual have cognitive disorders, what may be the result of different factors, among which significant place occupy the treatment with antiepileptic drugs. Topiramate is the new antiepileptic drug, which is related with high efficiency in the reduction seazures, and also whit high prevalention of cognitive adverse events. Purpose of our study is to clarify the role of depression in developing cognitive adverse events during therapy with topiramate in patients with refractory epilepsy. In the prospective stady we followed 40 adult patients with refractory epilepsy, which treatement took place on the Institute of neurology Clinical center of Serbia. All patients are neuropsychological tested twice. First time before the start of therapy with topiramate on basic antiepileptic therapy, and next time two months after the achieving of stable dose of 200mg/day. We used neuropsychological tests for evaluation attention, concentration, visual and verbal memory, speech, executive functions, divergent opinion and visual construction abilities. For estimate degree of depression we used Hamilton's scale of depression. Patients with the depressive manifestation had lower scores on cognitive tests in comparition to patients without the depression, before and after introductions topiramate. More the score of depression was larger, the scores of neuropsychological tests have been worse. Depression has bad influence on the cognitive functioning and her presence in the patients with epilepsy increases the risk from development of cognitive adverse events of topiramate.

Inhibins are glycoprotein hormones of which there are two molecular forms, inhibin A and inhibin B. Classically, inhibin is known to have a negative feedback effect on pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone secretion. The fetoplacental unit produced inhibin throughout pregnancy. Inhibin Ais the predominant molecular form of inhibin in maternal circulation from 4 week of gestation. Although the precise biological function of inhibin Ain pregnancy is unclear, it is evident from recent studies that inhibin A could be a better marker of placental function than human chorionic gonadotropin because of its shorter half-life. The possible clinical application for the measurement of inhibin Ain early pregnancy could be in predicting miscarriage , Down's syndrome, preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction in the first and/or second trimester before the onset of yhe clinical symptoms. Inaddition, several evidences underline the potential role and the clinical usefulness of their measurements in the diagnosis, prevention,prognosis and follow-up of different gestational pathologies such as:threatened abortion, placental tumors, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy,intrautherine growth restriction,fetal hypoxia.The measurement of inhibin Aand activin Ainto the biological fluids of pregnancy will offer in the future further possibilities in early diagnosis,prediction and monitoring pregnancy diseases.