Procena rizika u zdravstvenim ustanovama predstavlja temeljni element sistema bezbednosti i zdravlja na radu, imajući u vidu kompleksnost i
raznovrsnost profesionalnih opasnosti kojima su zaposleni izloženi. Ovaj rad analizira teorijski i normativni okvir procene rizika, tipologiju rizika
specifičnih za zdravstveni sektor, kao i metodološki pristup njihovom identifikovanju, kvantifikaciji i upravljanju. Zaposleni u zdravstvu, uključujući
lekare, medicinske tehničare, pomoćno i administrativno osoblje, izloženi su različitim vrstama rizika: biološkim, hemijskim, fizičkim,
psihosocijalnim i ergonomskim. Biološki rizici se posebno izdvajaju zbog neposrednog kontakta sa potencijalno infektivnim materijalima i
pacijentima, dok hemijski i fizički rizici proizilaze iz upotrebe lekova, dezinfijenasa i radnih uslova u savremenim kliničkim okruženjima.
Psihosocijalni i ergonomski faktori dodatno doprinose profesionalnom opterećenju.
Metodologija procene rizika uključuje korake poput identifikacije opasnosti, procene izloženosti i verovatnoće, određivanja posledica, kvantifikacije
rizika kroz matrice rizika, i definisanja mera kontrole. U skladu sa Zakonom o bezbednosti i zdravlju na radu Republike Srbije i međunarodnim
standardom ISO 45001:2018, procena rizika se formalizuje Aktom o proceni rizika koji mora da sadrži analizu svakog radnog mesta i konkretne
predloge mera zaštite. Posebna pažnja se posvećuje radnim mestima sa povećanim rizikom, gde je neophodno sprovesti dodatne medicinske provere i
obezbediti posebne uslove rada.
Preventivne i korektivne mere uključuju tehnička rešenja (npr. ventilacija, izolacija), organizacione mere (radne procedure, smenski rasporedi),
korišćenje lične zaštitne opreme (LZO), edukaciju zaposlenih i psihološku podršku. Efikasno upravljanje rizicima zahteva ne samo primenu tehničkih i
organizacionih rešenja, već i kontinuiranu evaluaciju, nadzor i edukaciju svih zaposlenih.
Diskusija ukazuje na neujednačenu primenu zakonskih regulativa i potrebu za sistemskim unapređenjem inspekcijskog nadzora, posebno u domenu
edukacije nižeg medicinskog osoblja i dosledne upotrebe zaštitne opreme. Zaključno, procena rizika mora biti kontinuiran i prilagodljiv proces koji se
oslanja na multidisciplinarni pristup, proaktivan menadžment i kulturu bezbednosti, sa ciljem očuvanja zdravlja zaposlenih i osiguranja kvaliteta
zdravstvenih usluga.
Ključne reči: procena rizika, zdravstvene ustanove, bezbednost i zdravlje na radu, biološki rizici, zaštitne mere.

INTRODUCTION: Stress at work is a major problem in the modern world in many areas of work, especially in health care. Occupational burnout of nurses represents a serious problem, not only for themselves. It also affects the quality of the health services provided to patients. OBJECTIVE is to examine the connection between occupational stress and occupational burnout among nurses working in public health institutions. METHODS: An examination was carried out to determine aconnection between occupational burnout and occupational stress among nurses working in the hospital, at the departments of surgery, gynecology and emergency. For the evaluation of professional burnout among nurses, the Maslach Burnout Inventory, MBI-HSS pattern, was used, and Matteson and Ivancevich Questionnaire was used to assess occupational stress. Statistical data processing was done by the SPSS 17 software.RESULTS A total of 60 examinees were included in the study, 20 of them from the Surgery, Gynecology and Emergency department. Of these, 51 (81.7%) arefemale and 9 (18.3%) are male. The average age of nurses is 41.45 years, from which 40.9on Surgery; 41.8 on Emergency; 41.65 on Gynecology, and the average years of serviceare 17.91. Descriptive statistics for the examined variables are shown and it can be seen that there is a low level of occupational stress, i.e. the result is below 21.In the occupational burnout variable, respondents show the medium level of emotional exhaustion (M=24.05), low level depersonalization (M=3.83) and low level of lack of professional achievement subscale (M=38.71). The test results confirm the first hypothesis (H1) that with the increaseof occupational stress levels, the level of occupational burnout among nurses also increases.Occupational stress correlates with occupational burnout (r=0.529, p<0.01), i.e. nurses who have higher results of occupational stress, have more occupational burnout results also. The results of the tests involving correlations between occupational burnout and occupational stress dimensions show that with the increase of occupational stress the dimension of emotional exhaustion also increases (r=0.493, p<0.01), that there is no significant correlation between occupational stress and the dimension of depersonalization, and that the dimension of occupational stress and the dimension of individual realization have significant connection (r=0.393, p=0.01). The results show that there is no statistically significant difference between departments when it comes to occupational burnout, i.e. nurses working in Surgery do not have higher results of occupational burnout than nurses working in Gynecology and Emergency F(0.679) p>0.05, and that there is no statistically significant difference between the departments in terms of occupational stress, i.e. nurses working in Surgery do not have higher occupational stress results than ones working in Gynecology and Emergency department F(0.722) p>0.05. The results do not show significant differences in the level of occupational burnout and occupational stress in relation to nurses' age and years of service. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The results of the study show that with increased occupationalstressoccupational burnout also increases and that nurses have low levels of occupationalstress, low depresonization, low level of lack of personal achievement and a medium level of emotional exhaustion. There were no significant differences in occupationalburnout and occupationalstress between nurses working in surgery, gynecology and emergency departments. No significant differences in occupationalburnout and occupationalstress were found in relation to the age and years of service of nurses working in the departments of surgery, gynecology and emergency.

Existence of stress at workplace leads to the occurrence of occupational burnout among miners. OBJECTIVE is testing of influence of stress on occupational burnout among miners. METHODS The research was designed as a cross-sectional study and covered 345 subjects, which were classified into three groups: two investigated groups, consisting of Miners A (142), Miners B (147) and Control group (56) consisting of administrative workers. The research was conducted in the Health Center ZveĆan, in the Medical Laboratory Service in ZveĆan and at the Institute of Occupational Medicine in Niš. The following questionnaires were used in the study: Questionnaire on basic sociodemographic indicators of respondents, Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI), and Occupational stress assesment questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS 16.0 software package. RESULTS The study of the presence of stressors in the workplace compared to the examined groups showed that a large number of stressors were evident, with the average value of all stressors at miners 2.60 ± 1.02, which is significantly above the average value of all stressors in the control group 1.85 ± 1.02. Above the total average of all stressors 2.60 ± 1.02, there is a large number of stressors. All stressors statistically significantly higher in miners compared to the control group (p <0.001) and the values of each individual stressor in the control group are below the average values of all stressors in miners (2.60 ± 1.02). High burnout level is present in 50.70% of Miners A, 46.90% of Miners B and 16.10% of Control group subjects. It was found that there is a statistically significant difference in the incidence of high burnout in relation to the investigated groups (p <0.001). DISCUSSION There is a large number of stressors among miners and their average value is significantly above the average value of all stressors in the control group. The stressors are both quantitatively and qualitatively different in relation to the control group. A large number of high-strength stressors significantly increases the probability of stress in both groups of miners and contributes to the occurrence of occupational burnout. There is a high exposure to stress among miners, and the impact of stress on occupational burnout has been proven in a large number of research in different professions. This was also confirmed in miners, among whom high exposure to stress led to high occupational burnout, which is statistically significant in relation to the control group. CONCLUSION The results of the study showed that there are a large number of stressors in the miner groups, that the average value of all stressors in miners is significantly above the average value of all stressors in the control group, that there are a large number of stressors that are in strength above the total average of all mining stressors and that all stressors are statistically significantly higher in miners than in the control group. The strongest stressors are most important for stress, and the presence of a large number of stressors above the total average of all stressors not only increases the probability of stress, but also proves a great deal of stress, but also contributes to the intense occurrence of occupational burnout. The results of the study have shown that high burnout is present in about 50% of miners in both mines and that there is a statistically significant difference in the incidence of high burnout in relation to the control group. Occupational stress affects occupational burnout among miners.