Uvod:Savremeni dijagnostički alati i terapijski pristupi značajno su unapredili mogućnosti lečenja dece sa urođenim srčanim manama (USM), dovodeći
 do smanjenja mortaliteta i produženja životnog veka, čime se značaj ovih mana u pedijatrijskoj populaciji dodatno naglašava.
 SAŽETAK
 Cilj rada:Prikazati dijagnostički algoritam i analizirati kliničke ishode kod dece sa USM tokom desetogodišnjeg perioda (2014–2024), na osnovu
 iskustva jedne regionalne zdravstvene ustanove.
 Metodologija: Retrospektivna analiza sprovedena je na pedijatrijskom odeljenju bolnice Kralj Milutin, KBC Gračanica, u periodu 2014–2024. godine.
 Indikacije za kardiološku evaluaciju uključivale su šum na srcu, prisustvo znakova srčanog popuštanja i bol u grudima. Iz studije su isključeni pacijenti
 sa bivelarnom aortom i prolapsom mitralne valvule. Dijagnostički postupak uključivao je standardne ehokardiografske i doplerske metode
 korišćenjem aparata Philips (sistem 3.0 MHz, sonda 2–4 MHz), Kod odabranih pacijenata urađena je I kateterizacija srca radi potvrde dijagnoze ili u
 cilju terapijskog postupka. Statistička obrada izvršena je u programu SPSS 21, uz nivo značajnosti p < 0,05.
 Rezultati: Kod 120 dece uzrasta 0–15 godina ustanovljena je neka forma USM. Među njima je bilo 59 novorođenčadi (49,2%) i 61 dete različitog
 uzrasta (50,8%) (p < 0,05). Devojčice su činile 53,3%, a dečaci 46,7% (p > 0,05). USM bez cijanoze zabeležene su kod 102 pacijenta, dok su 18 dece
 imala cijanotične mane (p < 0,05). Hirurško lečenje sprovedeno je kod 32 pacijenta (31,4%), spontano zatvaranje defekta registrovano je kod 42 dece
 (34,2%), dok su 3 defekta zatvorena transkateterski. Kod 41 deteta (34,1%) za sada, nije bilo potrebe za hiruškim tretmanom . Zabeležena su dva
 smrtna ishoda.
 Zaključak: Urođene srčane mane predstavljaju najčešće urođene anomalije u dečijem uzrastu. Pravovremena dijagnostika, multidisciplinarni pristup i
 dostupnost savremenih terapijskih modaliteta omogućavaju visok kvalitet života za ovu decu.

Introduction: Tobacco smoke is one of the most important environmental pollutants (ETS). Passive exposure to tobacco smoke is involuntary and it presents a health risk for children. Objective: To establish if there are differences in Peak Expiratory Flow Rates (PEF) values of healthy school children who live in households with and without tobacco smoke. Methods: PEF measurements were taken for 830 school children, from elementary schools in Nis and Laplje Selo. Mesurements were obtained with new peakflowmetars Vitalograf-normal range (EN 13826), 3 to 5 times. The higest values were taken for analysis. P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: We considered PEF values for 830 healthy school children, 599 (72.17%) from households with tobacco smoke (ETS), and 231 (27.83%) without ETS. Exposure to parenteral smoking was associated with reduced PEF rates: 312.01 L/min (95% CI=301.38-322.65 L/min), for boys and 284.64 L/min (95% CI=275.73-293.55 L/min), for girls. PEF rates for children from households without ETS are 313.79 L/min (95% CI=295.63-331.93 L/min) for boys, and 302.0 L/min (95% CI=287.02- 316.98 L/min) for girls. PEF rates were significantly lower for girls from households with ETS (p<0.05). Boys, with and without ETS, had no statistically significant differences between their height, weight and age, so their PEF rates could be compared by their absolute values. For girls, this was not the case, and after age, height and weight adjustments their PEF rates showed no statistical significance (p= 0,346). Conclusions: Parental and household smoking were associated with decreased lung function in school age children. Although it's possible to reduce exposure to tobacco smoke in public places, it's important to inform parents about longterm impact of tobacco smoke on the health of their children.

Often the only available way of checking the adequacy of HD reaching dry weight after completion of dialysis treatment or monitoring arterial blood pressure. The goal of this paper is to show whether echocardiographic index measuring inspiratory collapse VCI can further assist in assessing the state of hydration of patients on HD. Method: In a study that we conducted on the UDK in Belgrade Centre for HD at 20 toro children on HD (before and after HD) and 20 healthy children, the control group. The M mode echocardiography we measured the diameter of the inferior vena cava (VCI) and calculated the index VCI inspiratory collapse. Also, accompanied by the correlation of these parameters with the dimensions of the left atrium, left ventricular in diastolic and body weight. Results: Children were before HD was significantly higher static diameter VCI and LA diameter compared to the control group (p <0.05). Index is collapsed before the HD was be substantially lower than in the control group (p <0.05). After HD LA diameter was still significantly higher than in the control group (p <0.05). while the other parameters were not statistically be substantially different. Index collapsing VCI differed significantly before and after HD (p <0.05), examining the correlation between VCI and diameter dimensions of the left ventricle during diastole (LVD) found a statistically significant positive correlation between these two parameters in all three groups of measurements (p <0.01). A statistically significant positive linear correlation was found between the VCI diameter and diameter of the left atrium (LA) in all three of measurements (p <0.01). A statistically significant positive linear correlation was found between the diameter of VCI and body weight in children after HD and control groups (p <0.01). CONCLUSION: Index collapsing and VCI in combination with other parameters can further improve the monitoring of the state of hydration and improve the quality of life of patients on hemodialysis.