Penetrating injuries of the eye are an important cause of unilateral visual loss. Hemophthalmos is frequently and
serious complication in penetrating eye injuries. We studied a series of 422 cause, children aged 1-15 years, treated from
1989 through 1998. There were 324 (76.78%) boys and 98 (23.22%) girls in the study group, with a mean age of 8 years 4
monats. Complication from penetrating eye injuries with hemophthalmos is noticed in 62 cases (14.69%). 

Actual hypothesis related to development of the age-related cataract focus the photo oxidative stress as a key process of cataract genesis. It considers that damages in the lens cells, caused by sunlight and oxygen within photodynamic action of the photo oxidative stress, make essence of the cataract genesis process. Although the cataractogenes is primary a local process that flows in a local compartment, oxidative stress is often a systemic event. It relates particularly to the older age, i.e. to the ageing process itself. Even if special regulatory mechanisms of the eye provide appropriate supply of antioxidative elements on the local level, fulfilling of the eye and it's lens with antioxidative elements depends on their systemic availability and distribution. By investigation of concentrations of malondialdehyde, vitamin C, vitamin E, glutathione and albumin, and activity of cathtalase and peroxidase in serums of patients with age-related cataract, as well as with comparison of the same elements values in serums of the same age and sex distribution group of people without cataract, we found noticeable differences of the oxidative stress intensity in serums within those two investigated groups.

Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX Sy) presents a continual challenge to the ophthalmologists because of its unknown etiopathogenesis and development of aggressive glaucoma and some complications of the cataract surgery. Contemporary hypothesis focus oxidative stress as a clue event in the ageing process, as well as in age-related cataract genesis. Frequencies of the secondary ageing diseases were investigated in 162 patients with age-related cataract and 55 age and sex matched control subjects, and some elements of the oxidative stress-antioxidation protection and the lipid peroxidation products in their serums. Similar parameters of oxidative stress were also analyzed in 80 samples of humour aqueous and corticonuclear lens' blocks, and compared according to the different secondary ageing diseases appurtenance (diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, obstructive pulmonary diseases etc.), also including PEX Sy. Examined influence of secondary ageing factors and PEX Sy on the age-related cataractogenesis by logistic regression showed the highest odds ratio for the PEX Sy(OR=4,516; p<0,05). Among investigated antioxidant elements (vitamins C and E, peroxidasis, GSH, catalase, albumin, %iMDA) in serums, catalytic activity of catalase shows significantly lower values in patients with PEX Sy(p<0,05). Antioxidant defense of humour aqueous, expressed as rate of induced malondialdehyde (%iMDA), and total sulfhydryle groups in the lens' corticonuclear blocks (TSH) have a lower values, whereas contents of lipid peroxides (LP) shows to a higher degree of the peroxidation in patients with PEX Sy, similar to the findings in patients with cataract and other diseases of the secondary senium. Changes on the corneal endothelium, in the anterior chamber angle, iris and lens, at the presence of the PEX Sy, in some extent respond to the hasten ageing. Findings considering the antioxidative defense and lipid peroxidation, point to possibility that, at least part of pathogenesis of ocular alterations with PEX Sy, appears due to higher oxidative stress. Lower activity of catalase may suggest to the liver function examinations, with the aim of investigation of the PEX Sy nature.