Parathyroid glands are small endocrine gland in the neck that men secrete parathyroid hormone , or PTH ( PTH) , which together with calcitonin and vitamin - D has a primary role in regulating the concentration of calcium and phosphate in the body. The most common disease of the parathyroid gland presents increased and uncontrolled secretion of PTH , which can be defined as primary hyperparathyroidism, if occurs as a result of enhanced functions of one or more of the parathyroid glands , or secondary hyperparathyroidism, which occurs most often in chronic renal failure or as a result of the deficiency of vitamin D. In our case report we describe a patient with cancer paratioidnih gland , which is a very rare disease and is the rarest malignant endocrine tumor

Danas gojaznost predstavlja globalni epidemiološki problem koji tokom vremena postoji sve veći. Međutim, efekti gojaznosti na respiratorni sistem često su neuvaženi. U ovom članku biće sagledani mehanički efekti gojaznosti na fiziologiju pluća kao i funkcija masnog tkiva kao endokrinog organa na produkciju sistemske inflamacije i uloge na centralnu kontrolu disanja. Gojaznost igra ključnu ulogu u razvoju opstruktivne apnee u spavanju i opstruktivnog hipoventilacionog sindroma. Bolje razumevanje efekata gojaznosti na respiratorne bolesti i pružanje adekvatnih mera zdravstvene zaštite je od vitalnog značaja u sprečavanju ovog sve značajnijeg problema.

Pulmonary embolism (PE) and venous thromboembolism are two clinical manifestations of a single entity - venous thromboembolism. PE usually occurs through due thrombi from the lower veins, and in 10-15% of cases are due thrombus from upper veins or right heart failure. Significance is mainly determined by the frequency (1/1000 per year in the adult population; less in younger but significant increase with increasing age), the risk of mortality is important in acute and chronic diseases that are associated with this clinical manifestation. Acute pulmonary embolism is often fatal, with a mean annual mortality of about 30% in untreated. Many deaths occur because of recurrent PE within the first few hours after the initial event. In the nineteenth century, Virchow the mechanism of thromboembolism categorized into three groups: changes in the blood vessel wall, a reduction of blood flow (path) and changes in the composition of the blood (hypercoagulable, prothrombotic). Modern interpretation of the pathogenesis of thromboembolism, which is processed corresponds Virhovljevom concept. In general thromboembolic events can be a result of complications of individual risk factors as increased thrombotic potential.