Delivery before 37th week of gestation is defined as preterm, independently of body mass of babies, according to the World Health Organization. Premature birth is the current problem in the world due to the high risk of neonatal morbidity and mortality and incompletely clear etiology. In our country the frequency of preterm delivery is 6%. We have retrospectively analyzed early deliveries in Health Center Kosovska Mitrovica in the period from 2009 to 2013. In this five-year period, there were totaly 3398 deliveries, of which 148 or 4.35 % were preterm delivery. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of premature birth in the five-year period in relation to: the total number of births in a given period, the age of the patients, the manner of completion of delivery, gestational week of pregnancy, parity and the most common causes that led to the PTP. In the analysis we have included the body weight and Apgar score of premature infants. We have used protocols of births, maternal history of disease, neonatal protocols and lists of newborns. Most of them were multiparas (41.2 %),56.7 % of pregnant women were aged of 21-30 years and pregnancy in 79.9 % of cases ended with 33 to 37 ng. Vaginal deliveries were completed in 84.4% of premature births, and caesarean in 15.6%. Twin pregnancies with preterm deliveries were represented in 10.2%. The most common weight of premature infants ranged from 2000 to 2500 grams (48.6 %). The most common causes that led to the PTP were PPROM (22.9 %), unknown causes (27. 1 %), multiple pregnancy (18.2 %), genital infection (8.7 %), cervical incompetence (6.7 %), IUGR (5.4%), PIH (4.2%), placental abruption and placenta previa (2.1 %) and other (4.7%) .

Human preterm labor is a syndrome that may arise from different causes. Before 30 weeks of gestation, infection appears to predominate amongst these. In later gestation, premature activation of the fetal HPA axis in response to an adverse intrauterine environment, e.g. hypoxemia, undernutrition (UN) or even infection, may underlie the stimulus to prematurity. A third pathway clearly involves vascular thrombotic processes. Tests on sheep have been shown to there is a premature birth which is a significant change was associated with precocious increases in adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol in the fetal circulation, and increased levels of mRNA encoding proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and prohormone convertase-1 (PC-1) in the pars intermedia of the fetal pituitary. It would seem that these different pathways may occur separately, or be activated to different degrees in the same patient.

20.161 women were delivered at Kosovska Mitrovica maternity ward in the period of 1992-2001. Out of this, in 1.648 cases Caesarean section had been performed, which means that the frequency of this surgical process was 8.17%. The percent of the Caesarean section is in growth every year starting from 1997, but it has reached its maximum of 20 % in this year. In the year of 2000, 44.90% of pregnant women who had Caesarean section done were from serbian enclaves. In the year of 2001 that percent is even bigger and it reaches 58%. Every second pregnant woman who had surgical operation was from serbian enclaves in the last two years. It can be pointed out that more than a half of pregnant women who had surgical operation were in the age of 19-25. As a conclusion, we can say that 8.17% of Caesarean section is absolutely well in the period of ten years, but we were not satisfied with the great number of Caesarean section in the last two years.

Modulation of potassium channels is a recent modern approach to experimental and clinical investigation of potential better tocolytic medications. Assuming that potassium channels are by far the largest category of cellular ion channels, they are of crucial importance for the regulation of uterine smooth muscle tone. In the vast category of potassium channels, Maxi-K and BKCa (highly conductive, calcium-activated channels) are considered the main channels in the myometrium. It is believed that those have a key role in the modulation of uterine contractility and the homeostasis of myometrial calcium. The total number of Maxi-K channels is doubled during the onset of labor, compared to their number in pregnant and non-pregnant myometrium. We also keep getting more familiar with the characterization and control of myometrial potassium channels. Certain effects of pharmacological potassium channel modulators in isolated parts of both human and animal, both pregnant and non-pregnant myometrium will be presented in this article. Even though there have been a lot of studies on this subject, not many of them mentioned the role and modulation of potassium channels during human labor. We are still looking for the substances that will perform best in the treatment of possible miscarriages and early labor; although the use of beta sympathomimetics and calcium channel antagonists has been a major breakthrough in treatment of these pregnancy disorders. Using new tocolytic medications and a selective approach to cases of early labor, along with the use of other adequate measures, could improve the treatment of early labor in the future.

The authors in this work presented the case of itterative Caesarean Section. In this intervention they had a complication of endotracheal anaesthetic. Although general anaesthetic, according report the most authors, generally appliance anaesthetic during Caesarean Section, this anaesthetic have a certain failure. This are: difficult intubation, intubation in oesophagus, insufficient relaxation on myometrium, risk of depression - foetal’s central nervous system, unadequate reaction on drugs etc. Some authors have a pioritydaju of regional method according safety. Because of that all we believe, that heed is necessary in work and everybody obstetrician must conscious of this risk, like as application generally anaesthetic such as and regional anaesthetic by woman who has just given birth. In this effect we suggest that knowledge and experience of anaesthesiologies are very important.

Every situation where an experienced anesthesiologist needs more than 10 minutes or three tries for putting the endotracheal tube is considered as difficult intubation. Frequency of difficult intubation in pregnant women is three to ten times bigger than general surgical population. This case report shows that it is necessary to have passable respiratory tract in case of difficult intubation in order to keep in life a woman who needs to be done Caesarean section and save mother and a newborn

The aim of work was to find out whether multiparity led to increased morbidity and mortality of mothers multyparous. Special attention was paid to appearance of diseases among mothers, both those developed during pregnancy and immediately after delivery. Multiparity is especially characteristic of women of Albanian nationality. Thus it is obvious that there is a reverse proportion between multiparous women and level of education the higher level of education is the smaller is the number of previous deliveries. There is a significant difference in apsolute number of deliveries according to the place of living in favor of rural residence. Number of both EPH gestoses (Eclampsia, pre-eclampsia) and indications for Caesarian section is increasing with multiparity. Abruption of normaly inserted placenta is significantly more frequent among multiparous women. It is obvious that multiparous women more frequently have bleedings during third and forth delivery period. There were also a large number of hysterectomies during delivery (75). Death rate of women is significantly increasing with multiparity. Eclampsia is the cause of death among more than half of all women. Resuming all data the autor is pointing out that grand multiparity, giving birth to more than six children, is, mfom medical point of view, an increased risk both for a newborn and a pregnant woman. Perinatal motality and morbidity is increased and high risk during pregnancy, delivery and puerperium is simultaneously rising until the pregnant woman's life is seriously endangered

In this work we present a basic aspects of ionising radiation (afterward of depleted uranium), this effects to human organism, esspecially on radiobiological, health effects on human skin. Health effects ionising radiation on skin depends of its doses. High doses given stron reaction, already in a few days after radiation, and later manifestations arise after longer exposition lower doses this radiation. In this work we present a basics pathophysiological aspects, without specifical clinical manifestations of radiation dermatitis.

Medical abortion (i.e. abortion induced by pharmaceutical agents) is a method of pregnancy termination administered most often in the second trimester in case of either fetal malformations or absence of fetal heart tones (missed abortion. Aim of the study was to compare effects of two regimens of drug adminstration for pregnancy termination in case of fetal anomalies registered in the second trimester of pregnancy. The investigation was performed in 52 patients of the Universitasklinik fur frauenheilkunde, Allgemaines krankenhaus (AKH), Klinische Abteilung fur Gynakologie und Geburtshilfe, Abteilung fur pranatale diagnostic und therapie and comprised two groups of patients in whom pregnancy termination was performed in the second trimester because of the presence of fetal malformations. Comparison analysis of the effect of the two regimens for pregnancy termination has been conducted in two groups of patients: Group A, who received R R R Cergem (Gemeprost) and Group B, who received a combination of Myfegine (Myfepriston) and Cyprostol (Misoprostol). Complete medical abortion occurred approximately at the same rate in both investigated groups (Group A - 10 (35.7%); Group B - 9 (37.5%). Curettage (Vacum aspiration) following the incomplete medical abortion was required in the group R R with Gemeprost in 18 (64.3%), and in the group with Myfegine /Cyprostol in 15 (62.5%) patients. A regimen of mifepristone pre-treatment followed by misoprostol applied in the Group B presented with financial benefits according to the present time prices of drugs in Austria relative to the regimen administered in the Group A, in which the cost of a single or a two-day treatment by gemeprost was significantly more expensive.

Nowadays, hysterosalpingography and laparoscopy are routine methods of exploration of the oviduct passability.The tests were made at department of infertility at the Gynecology and Obstretics Institute of Clinical Center of Serbia in the period from 01.01. untill 31.12.1998. The three hundred patients, on which hysterosalpingography (HSG) was made, and patients, on which chromolaparoscopy was made, were involved by prospectus studies. The analysis shows, that between hysterosalpingographical and laparoscopical investigation of the passability of the oviducts there exists an extremely high statistical difference in the distributions of findings of particular modalities of the passability of the oviduct. Two-way passability of the oviducts with growths of tissue has been established in a higher percentage in the patients who were examined laparoscopically, while the other alternations have been diagnosed hysterographically i a higher percentage. A statistical processing of data resulted in a significantly high statistical difference in the patients with two-way occlusion of the oviducts, whereas for other modalities no statistically significant difference has been established. The most researchers describe high perccentages of growths of tissue, from 64,0% to 72,0%, which have not been established by HSG. Growths of tissue have been confirmed by this investigation in a high percentage (70,0%). Establishing the passability of the oviducts is particularly important for further treatment of the patients.