Introduction: patients undergoing hemodialysis has numerous ophthalmological complications. Aim: To explore if the dry eye disease incidence, in patients undergoing hemodialysis, exists and if its frequency is greater compared to the healthy subjects. Methods: A total of 126 patients undergoing hemodialysis as well as 23 healthy subjects underwent complete ophthalmological examinations. The dry eye disease tests were performed in the patients undergoing hemodialysis: Schirmer test, Tears Break Up Time (TBUT) test and “Red eye syndrome”. Results: Comparing findings of dry eye disease parameters in patients undergoing hemodialysis vs. healthy subjects findings were the following: Schirmer’s test results 52,78% vs. 36,36%, (χ2 = 4,02, p=0,0448, p<0,05) and “Red eye syndrome” 38,10% vs 19,05% ( χ2 = 5,69, p=0,0170, p<0,05), while the TBUT test has shown pathological results in 38.89% of undergoing hemodialysis patients. Conclusions: Dry eye disease is significantly more frequent in patients undergoing hemodialysis than in healthy subjects.

Introduction: Age-related cataract (senile cataract) is one of the leading causes of preventable blindness in the world. Objective: To determine whether other ocular comorbidities (glaucoma, age related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy) affect visual function and quality of life in cataract and pseudophakic patients, and, if possible, to determine which disease has a significant effect. Methods: In this study 202 patients were examinated, regarding of the status of cataract on the second, following eye; the patients were divided into two groups: cataract and pseudophakia. Results: Patients with myopia and capsular glaucoma had significant improvement in average visual acuity (0.87 vs. 0.65) after surgery compared to preoperative results (0.38vs.0.24) (p<0.01). Also, patients with age related macular degeneration and non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy with an average preoperative visual acuity (0.05 vs. 0.05) after surgery have a significant improvement in average visual acuity (0.2 vs.0.2) (p<0.01). Patients with primary open-angle glaucoma have significant improvement in average postoperative visual acuity (0.28) compared to the preoperative results (0.05) (p<0.01), while patients with primary angle closure glaucoma had improvement in postoperative average visual acuity (0.1) compared to the preoperative results (0.05) (p<0.1). Conclusion: Significant improvements in postoperative average visual acuity compared to preoperative results reduce difficulties in vision-related activities thus providing higher quality of life.

Cataract is a dysfunction of the lens of the eye caused by clouding. By far the most common type of cataract is the senile cataract. The immediate cause of the occurrence of cataract is unknown, but oxidative stress is considered important in its etiopathogenesis. The aim: to examine the intensity of oxidative stress, depending on the type and maturity of senile cataract, through the activity of the superoxide dismutase enzyme (SOD) in the aqueous humor of the patients diagnosed with senile cataract. The average activity of the superoxide dismutase enzyme in the aqueous humor of the patients with early nuclear cataract was 41.16 U/mL, which is a significantly higher value (p<0.01) when compared with that of the patients with other types of early cataract, as well as with that of the patients with total cataract (33.88 U/mL). With aging the activity of the superoxide dismutase enzyme decreases, hence the average activity of the enzyme was significantly lower (p<0.05) in the group of patients over 75 years of age (36.28 U/mL vs. 28.91 U/mL).