Bacterial meningitis is a severe infective disease caused by different bacteria during which purulent pyorrhea is created in a subarachnoid space. In clinical terms, it is represented with the appearance of meningeal symptoms and signs. Neither recent years’ success accomplished in treatment of bacterial meningitis nor the best organized treatment provide an optimistic prognosis in sick children. Our research was conducted in 91 children with bacterial meningitis. Before diagnosing bacterial meningitis, 50 patients ( 54.9 % ) were treated with antibiotic therapy. In this group, 21 patients ( 42% ) showed complications in disease manifested with convulsions in 13 patients (26 % ). In the same group, 29 patients ( 58 % ) had a complete recovery after the treatment while 8 patients ( 16 % ) had sequele. In 41 patients ( 45 % ) without previous antibiotic treatment, complications are registered in 25 patients ( 60.9 % ) as follows: 18 patients ( 43.9 % ) had early complications while 7 patients ( 17.1 % ) had sequele. 16 patients ( 39 % ) had a complete recovery in this group. Complications and sequele are more common in the group of sick children without antibiotic therapy before diagnosing bacterial meningitis. However, the presence of sequele in the group of children which were treated with antibiotics before completed diagnostics showed that treatment of bacterial meningitis must be done in a more effective way as well as an early antibiotics treatment.

Astma predstavlja veliki zdravstveni problem širom sveta. Poslednjih decenija je uočen porast u prevalenciji i incidenciji astme u pedijatrijskom uzrastu. To je hronična inflamatorna bolest koja se klinički karakteriše rekurentnim respiratornim simptomima, dispnejom, stezanjem u grudima i kašljem.Simptomi su često praćeni reverzibilnim ograničenjem protoka vazduha kroz disanje puteve. U rutinskoj kliničkoj praksi dijagnostika astme u dečjem uzrastu postavlja se na osnovu anamneze, fizikalnog pregleda, odgovora na bronhodilatatore, alergološkog testiranja i ispitivanja plućnih funkcija. Alergološki testovi su primarna dijagnostička metoda u alergologiji. U kliničkoj dijagnostici se najčešće izvodi prick test (PT), zbog svoje osetljivosti, specifičnosti, reproducibilnosti i dobre korelacije sa nivoom serumskog IgE i bronhijalnom reagibilnošću. Istraživanje je preduzeto s ciljem da se utvrdi učestalost pozitivnog nalaza alergijskih kožnih testova na alergene u dece obolele od astme, obzirom da je alergološko ispitivanje jedan od kriterijuma za postavljanje dijagnoze. Ispitivano je 25-oro dece iz kontrolne grupe i 75-oro dece sa astmom. Podelu na grupe vršili smo prema težini astme i tako oformili tri grupe: deca sa lakom, srednje teškom i teškom astmom. Pozitivne kožne probe uočene su u 44,0% dece u kontrolnoj grupi, 84,0% dece sa lakom astmom, 88,0% dece sa sredenje teškom astmom i kod sve dece sa teškom astmom. Najčešće pozitivne probe su na Dermatophagoides: u grupi dece sa teškom astmom 92,0%, sa srednje teškom astmom 75,0% i sa lakom astmom 63,3%, dok su pozitivni testovi na druge alergene bili zastupljeni u manjem procentu.

Transposition veins, in some cases when there is no adequate superficial veins, preferred is model of the vascular access. This approach may be acceptable version vascular access where is not possible to create other shapes. But basilic vein transposition is time consuming and technically challenging procedure with significant perioperative morbidity. Complication rate for basilic vein transposition remains high at 47-71%. We report a patient who underwent transposition basilic vein, and its anastomosis with radial artery, in which developed the digital hypoperfusion ischemic syndrome.

Sindrom opstrukcijske apneje u spavanju (SOAS) je poremećaj disanja u kome se javlja delimična ili potpuna opstrukcija gornjih disajnih puteva, što ometa normalnu ventilaciju pluća i tako remeti normalan obrazac spavanja. Klinički se ispoljava habitualnim hrkanjem, često udruženim sa zastojem u disanju, i znacima napornog disanja tokom spavanja, kao i različitim neurobihejvioralnim problemima koji se javljaju tokom dana. Neprepoznat i nelečen SOAS može dovesti do trajnih, pa i životno opasnih posledica. Svaki pacijent sa smetnjama disanja vezanim za spavanje trebalo bi da bude podvrgnut polisomnografskom ispitivanju tokom noći.

Apert syndrome is named for the French physician, Eugen Apert who was, in 1906. described anomalous shape of the skull with coronary suture synostosis and hypoplasia sphenoethmoidmaxillary part of the face and fingers syndactyly of hands and feet. Apert syndrome accounts for about 4,5% of all craniosynostosis. With the prevalence of 1:160 000-200 000, inherited in an autosomal dominant, and in 25% of cases are fresh mutations in the gene. This syndrome has no predilection by gender and race, varies in severity form in witch it is manifested. Anomality of internal organs are very rare, but half of the patients with this syndrome have mental retardation. Apert syndrome has no cure, but surgery can help to correct some of the problems. 

The importance of the examination of life quality of children having asthma is more and more emphasized in the world. Asthma is a disease which limits the persons having this disease in physical, social and mental activities. Information about life quality can only be obtained by the patients because only they have direct insight into their feelings and thoughts. Our research included 95 children having allergic asthma and 40 children having nonallergic asthma were examined. Questionnaire on life quality of children having asthma in the case of general activities PAQLQ(S), whose creator is prof. Elizabeth Juniper, was used for the examination of life quality. The results were shown by questionnaire scores (total and individual ones). Determination of the activities representing the biggest restraints in the life of examined patients gives the possibility for adequate carrying out of therapy as well as better education of the patients concerning self-control of disease.

Asthma is one of the oldest diseases although it's etiopathogenesis has been explained in more details recently. It is very commin in the general population, and especially in children's population. Lately, the rising trend of asthma is the result of the increased exposure of children to unfavourable environmental factors such as air pollutants and "new" allergens in the course of 20 to 30 years. Asthma is multifactorial disease, the interaction of many factors is responsible for its inception and deterioration. Our research included 95 children having allergic asthma and 40 children having nonallergic asthma. All examinees were interviewed by means of epidemiological questionnaire on risk factors. In that way, basic demographic data, data concerning predisposing, causal and contributing risk factors for asthma inception were gathered. The average age of children having allergic asthma was 11.18 years, and the ones having nonallergic asthma were 14.25 years. In regard to gender structure of those having asthma, asthma is more common in the case of male population (65%). The risk for allergic asthma inception is increased by air pollutants, respiratory infections, and increased level of serum IgE. The biggest relative risk is found for the increased levels of serum IgE (OP=5.839), allergy to medicines. Those are variables which increase the risk for allergic asthma inception. The above mentioned variables are predicative factors for atopy inception.

Bacterial meningitis is an infectious disease, with potentially fatal outcome, where the main event reflects inflammation of soft meninges and associated phenomena on the other structures of the central nervous system. Despite the use of powerful antibiotics and other drugs and therapeutical measurements, the number of diseased, as well as the mortality from this suerious disease, are not changed for years. The most common pathogens of bacterial meningitis in children age are H.influenzae, S.pneumoniae and N. meningitidis. Other significant causes are Streptococcus B, E.colli, L.monocytogenes, Salmonella, Pseudomonas and other Gram-negative bacteria. Our research included 120 children sufferin from bacterial meningitis. Out of the total number of treated children, the highest incidence was in age of infants (51,6%), and regarding to the gender structure, male were somewhat more frequent (54,6%). The most significant unfavorable factors for occurrence of sequalea were: younger age, the type of bacteria, bacterial concentration in cerebrospinal fluid, the time required for liquor sterilization, hypoglycorrhachia, focal neurological sings and convulsions. Complications could relate to the central nervous system or some other organic systems. Convulsions are the early complications of bacterial meningitis. Hearing impairment is often present with severe forms of bacterial meningitis with convulsions, prolonged febrile state and presence of hypoglycorrhachia. Epilepsy is rare, late sequelae, while hydrocephalus is more likely to occur in neonatal meningitis. Heavy neurological damage occures in 5% of the children.

Bacterial meningitis is an important medical problem, as because of the use of powerfull antibiotics and other
drugs, and therapeutic measures, the number of patients, as well as the mortality haven't been changed for years. Because of that the study of pathogenesis of bacterial meningitis has been one the most dynamic researsh fields in recent years. Meningitis caused by salmonella is not usual clinical manifestation of salmonella infections, but because of fulminant evolution and specific structure of cause. Path and effect of diseases, it deserves special attention. Our researches encompases 29 children who suffer from salmonella meningitis. Out of the whole number of cured children, the moust frequent was at newborn (58,6%), while the smallest number was in the group of older infant (6.9%). Concernig the sex structure of diseased, the biger number was at male (62.0%). The most important finding in liquor cerebrospinalis at patients is polymorphonuclear leucocytosis (average value of cell elements is 3744, with 82% polymorphonuclears). At the same time existed leucocytosis in peripheral blood with sigificant deviation into left. At all our patients hypoglycorachya expressed (1.45mmol/L). The value of proteinorachya was 1.71 g/L. The result of the disease was successful in 49.3%, died 24,1%, and cured with consequences 27,6%.