Uvod: Oksidacioni stres, stanje neravnoteže između reaktivnih vrsta kiseonika i antioksidacione odbrane, igra značajnu ulogu u nastanku i razvoju
 akutnog koronarnog sindroma (AKS). Doprinosi nestabilnosti plaka, inflamaciji i disfunkciji endotela, što na kraju dovodi do rupture plaka i tromboze,
 obeležja AKS.
 Cilj: Cilj ovog rada bio je da se ispitaju promene u pokazateljima oksidacionog stresa- konjugovanih diena (CD), ukupnih hidroperoksida (TH),
 uznapredovalih oksidacionih produkata proteina (AOPP) i elemenata antioksidacione zaštite – koncentracije ukupnih tiola (TT), aktivnosti superoksid
 dismutaze (SOD) i glutation peroksidaze-3 usled akutne miokardne ishemije  u plazmi pacijenata sa ACS.
 Materijal i metode: Određivane su aktivnosti SOD, GPox-3,  i koncentracije CD, TH, AOPP i TT u plazmi kod 77 pacijenata sa AKS u i upoređene  sa
 vrednostima kod 33 zdrava dobrovoljna davaoca krvi.
 Rezultati: Koncentracija CD (p<0,0001), TH (p<0,0001) i AOPP (p<0,0001) je značajno povećana u plazmi pacijenata sa AKS. Koncentracija TT je bila
 nepromenjena (p=0,8859), aktivnost SOD je smanjena (p<0,0001), i povećana aktivnost GPox-3 (p<0,0001) u plazmi pacijenata sa AKS.
 Zaključak: Intenzitet oksidacionog stresa u plazmi u akutnom koronarnom sindromu je visok i ispoljava se povećanom oksidacionom modifikacijom
 lipida i proteina Nivo antioksidacione zaštite je nedovoljan da bi sprečio oksidacionu modifikaciju lipida i proteina u plazmi u akutnom koronarnom
 sindromu i predstavlja slab odgovor na povećani oksidacioni stres.
 Ključne reči: oksidacioni stres, antioksidaciona zaštita, akutni koronarni sindrom

Obesity is one of the most common chronic, non-infectious diseases in the world and our country, and it is characterized by excessive accumulation of fat tissue in the body and an increase in body weight. The increase in the number of obese people is an important global health problem. Obesity is associated with cardiometabolic and psychosocial comorbidities, and may also affect years of healthy life and reduce life expectancy. Numerous factors, such as biological predisposition, socioeconomic factors and environmental factors, interact and influence the development and maintenance of obesity. Excess adipose tissue in the body and its dysfunction is associated with inflammation and increased risk of metabolic, mechanical and mental complications. It is very important to monitor the incidence of obesity and its impact on the development of chronic non-communicable diseases and life expectancy due to the development and implementation of strategies to prevent the increase in the number of obese people.

Introduction: The occurrence of microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients is regarded as an early clinical sign of incipient kidney damage. Microalbuminuria is often evaluated as urinary albumin to urinary creatinine ratio (ACR). Aim: To assess determinants of microalbuminuria in T2DM patients without prior diagnosis of nephropathy using ACR cut-off values. Materials and Methods: ACR was measured in a total of 90 T2DM patients, during two months in three non-consecutive days, and routine biochemical analyses were performed, including glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), serum uric acid (SUA), and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP). The cut-off values of ACR were ≤ 2.5 mg/mmol in males, and ≤ 3.5 mg/mmol in females. Duration of T2DM, history of hypertension, HbA1c, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), AIP, and SUA were investigated for association with microalbuminuria. Results: According to ACR patients were considered as non-albuminuric (n= 57) and microalbuminuric (n = 33). Compared to non-albuminuric group, microalbuminuric group had increased urinary creatinine, urinary albumin, HbA1c, triglycerides and SUA, whilst decreased HDL-cholesterol levels. Although eGFR was generally reduced, the correlation between LogACR and eGFR was not significant (p > 0.05). However, the correlation between LogACR and LogHbA1c was significant. The multiple logistic regression analysis revealed HbA1c (t = 3.42; p = 0.012) and SUA (t = 2.44; p = 0.040) as independent predictors of microalbuminuria in T2DM patients. Conclusion: At ACR cut-off values, concentrations of HbA1c and SUA were independent predictors of microalbuminuria in T2DM patients not yet diagnosed with nephropathy.

Oxidative stress plays an important role in development of ulcer lessions of the rats exposed to indomethacin induced stress. It has been suggested that endogenous opioids releassed during the stress may attenuate gastric ulcer lesions. The aim of this study was to investigate effects of morpine on development of ulcer lessions, pathohistological alterations and antioxidative status in stomach of the rats exposed to indomethacin induced stress. Research was performed on adult, male Wistar rats weighting 200-230 g. Indomethacin stress was induced by intragastric administration of indomethacin at a dose of 20 mg/kg b.w. 6 hours before sacrificing. Morphine was applied intraperitoneally, in the doses of 10 mg/kg b.w. 15 minutes before indomethacin induced stress. The size of lesions in the form of petechiae and erosion, is expressed as the total surface of changes (mm2), i.e. ulcer index (UI). The pathohistological samples were analyzed by Leica DML S2 light microscope, and specific changes were photodocumented with Canon Power Shot S70 digital camera. In the homogenate of the stomach, the activity of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and xanthine oxidase (XOD) were measured, as well as the reduced glutathione content (GSH) and the lipid peroxidation intensity (Lpx). Morphine significantly reduced the ulcer index (UI) in animals exposed to indomethacin stress and the presence of large amounts of mucus in the stomach mucosal was established histopathologically. The use of morphine in the pretreatmant of indomethacin induced stress statistically significantly reduced the activity of all enzymes in the stomach compared to the control group, and this activity of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) and glutathione reductase (GR ), xanthine oxidase (XOD),as well as the lipid peroxidation intensity (Lpx), while the reduced glutathione content remained unchanged. Gastroprotective morphine activity in animals exposed to indomethacin induced stress is most likely a consequence of the strengthening of cytoprotective mechanisms rather than antioxidant action.

Introduction: Vitamin D Deficiency (VDD) is defined as the level of 25(OH)D in the serum < 30 ng/ml. According to the contemporary research, even the slight vitamin D deficiency can adversely affect our body in many ways. Numerous studies indicate that vitamin D deficiency is very common in children. The study aimed to research the frequency of vitamin D deficiency in infants and toddlers, the connection between VDD and iron deficiency anemia (IDA), as well as the correlation between 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25(OH)D) and haemoglobin (Hb) in the examinees. Method: The study includes 150 children, 73 (49%) newborns and 77 (51%) infants. Vitamin D status was determined through the amount of 25(OH)D in blood, using the electrochemiluminescence. Results: Vitamin D Deficiency was found in 58% of infants and toddlers (severe vitamin D deficiency was found in 16% of examinees, vitamin D deficiency was found in 23% of examinees, while vitamin D insufficiency was found in 19% of examinees). Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and anaemia were found in 80% of examined infants and toddlers. VDD was found in 49% of newborns that were not anaemic. We have observed the substantial difference between the examinees suffering from both anaemia and VDD and the examinees suffering from VDD only. Conclusion: The highest level on anaemia was found in the children with severe vitamin D deficiency, while in the examined infants and toddlers, there was a connection between the level of 25(OH)D and Hb in the serum.