Introduction: Approximately 15-23% of the general population have had urticarial rush during their lives. Goal: Examination of the urticarial frequency and urticarial etiopathogenesis among hospitalized patients. Sources and methodology: Retrospective analysis of the data extracted from patients' medical history at the Clinical Center of Kragujevac, Department for Dermatology and Venereology. Statistical methods used include proportional relations with tabular and graphical representation of the results gathered. Results: Out of 228 hospitalized patients in 2007, total of 28 (or 12.28%) were treated for Urticaria. The disease is more frequent among the following groups of patients: female population (total of 23, or 82.1%); people between 30 and 60 years of age (total of 15, or 53.6%); urban area population (total of 24, or 85.7%); patients with Dg. Urticaria acuta diagnosis (total of 19, or 67.8%); Dg. Oedema Quincke (total of 6, or 21, 4%); et people with cardiovascular diseases (total of 9, or 32.2%). The disease is more frequent in Spring, during the period April-June (11 patients, or 39.3%) with the greatest frequency in May (7 patients, or 25%). According to etiological samples the most prominent types of Urticaria among patients were: idiopathic (13 patients, or 46.4%), due to medications (5 patients, or 17.9%), nutritional origin (4 patients, or 14.3%), psychological factors (3 patients, or 10.7%). Considering complications, 6 patients (21.4%) had Quincke's Oedema, while 7 patients (25%) had allergic reactions to penicillin. Regarding outcome of the disease, total of 23 patients (82.1%) have been successfully cured. Discussion et Conclusion: The greatest number of serious urticarias with complications has been inducted by non-physical factors, mostly of immunological nature, while physically inducted urticaria have had less severe symptoms and required shorter time to cure. Nevertheless, exact causes for most types of urticaria are unknown, so continual research of causes, as well as courses, complications and treatments of this serious disease is necessary.

The role of Eustachian tube dysfunction in chronic middle ear inflammation etiopathogenesis is obvious and almost always present. Shorter length of m. tensor velli palatini, the only active opener of the Eustachian tube, is related to tube dysfunction. The aim of the study is to investigate correlation between soft palate length, angle formed between soft and hard palate and chronic middle ear inflammation occurrence. Examinations have been performed on 60 adults. Group A consisted of patients suffering from chronic middle ear inflammation, whereas group B consisted of healthy individuals with respect to their gender and age. Examinations included medical check-up, auditory findings, radiological examinations and craniometrical X- ray measurements performed using lateral head X-ray. Soft palate length and angle formed between soft and hard palate angle were measured. It has been determined that soft palate length (distance from spine nasalis to the top of the uvula) is shorter in patients suffering from chronic middle ear inflammation ( average value for group A= 3,09, SD=0,422, whereas for group B =3,747, SD=0,448). Student test results indicate highly significant difference between examined groups ( value of variable t=6,025). Angle formed between hard and soft palate is higher in group A examinees (average value 138.4, SD=9.379, than in control group (average value 132,17, SD=8.765). Value of the variable t=2,658 indicate the significant differences in values between examined groups. Soft palate in patients suffering from chronic middle ear inflammation is positioned more horizontally and its length is shorter than in control group B. Depth and volume of the nasopharynx is lesser in group A patients. These soft palate dimensions impact soft palate muscular disbalance, mostly m. tensor velli palatini. In dysfunctional tube, medial lamina cartilage rotation is insufficient and muscular movement is minimal. Defining soft palate dimensions and nasopharyngeal morphology Eustachian tube dysfunction can be explained and chronic middle ear inflammation development predicted

There are many forms of physical energy which, during such a short period of time, had rich history and which found wide application in the science of medicine, as was the case with the ultrasound in the last fifty years or so. The ultrasound got its affirmation rather soon, as valuable biologically harmless method used for detecting and explaining various pathological conditions in the science of medicine, and therefore in otorhinolaryngology as well. In the following study, the technique of the ultrasound examination of paranasal sinuses is described in details, standard echogramic patterns are
represented, and means of their interpretation are explained as well, regarding the fact that it is not standard. Special focus is
on the literature review whereby the valorization of the ultrasonography in relation to acute and chronic diseases of the maxillary sinuses is performed. In that sense, over 30 extracts by the authors from all parts of the world are represented. The
insight into the results of the latter reports, as well as the author own experiences, lead to the conclusion that the A-mode
ultrasonography represents an impartial method applicable in diagnostics of the maxillary sinus diseases. It is practical and
economical for it is performed quickly and in a rather simple manner. It is an invasive and painless method, comfortable for
the patient. Main advantage in relation to other radiological methods lies in the avoidance of the patient and medical doctor's
exposure to X-rays, therefore the ultrasonography method is a matter of choice for diagnosis of primarily maxillary sinus
acute diseases with children and pregnant women. Due to extraordinary sensitivity in the evaluation of the sinus secret, with
acute diseases it represents valuable, impartial supplementary method. On the other hand, due to weaker peculiarity, with
chronic diseases ultrasonography only represents a selective method

Foreign bodies of the lower respiratory ways represent a very important chapter in ENT and medicine in general,
becouse they can lead to child fatal results in very short time due the obstruction and suffocation. They considered as some of the most urgent states in medicine, so that the childs life depends on correctly and quickly made diagnostic and skilfully do
ne intervention. The authors have analysed the importance of anamnesis at the patients which have the foreign body in the
lower respiratory ways, hospitalized at the ENT Clinic and Pediatric Clinic of the CHC Priština, during the period of 1994 -
1999. Results of ork are showed that 132 childrens have been hospitalized during this period, and 119 of them were with
positively anamnesis for foreign body, while 13 were with negatively anamnesis, but with positive clinical and/or radiolo
gical findings. From 119 patients with positively anamnesis, 82.38% had positive TBSC finding, while patients with nega
tively anamnesis (13) had positive TBSC finding in 23.08% cases. The largest number of the children has been male pole
(64.36%), of the age of 3 and younger (73.27%), the most frequent foreign body was raw grain of bean (31.69%), and peanut (16.83%), and the most frequent localisation has been the right bronchi (57.43%). The most foreign bodies have been extracted by the upper tracheobronchoscopy (99.01%), while in only 0.99% of the cases tracheostomy and lower tracheobron choscopy applied. Positive anamnesis for foreign body of the lower respiratory ways was sufficient reason to indicate a tracheobronchoscopy, but if patients had positively clinical and/or radiological findings, negatively anamnesis must be interpreting very carefully

Aim of this work was to ascertain kind and frequency of skin sensibility to inhalation allergens and determine importance of skin allergic "prick" test. Investigation was accomplished on 141 patients by skin allergic test in vivo with standard "prick" technique. The results of work have showed that allergy is unquestionably present in the rhinosinusal diseases, as well as certain relationship between these diseases and allergic skin "prick" test, but this relationship was insufficient to determine skin allergic "prick" test as enough sensitive and specific diagnostic method for diagnose allergic rhinosinusal diseases. "Positive" allergic skin "prick" test demonstrate patient's hypersensitive reponse on inhalation allergens and existence of allergy, but not the direct connection between this hypersensitive reaction and rhinosinusal diseases. "Negative" allergic skin "prick" test not exclude existence of allergy, and for that, patients which have suspect allergy at the aim of further investigation must be apply other more sensitive and specific diagnostic method.