Arthritis following dyzentery or urethritis was mentioned before our era and later by many others. In 1818 Benjamin Brodie described 5 patients with typical „ Reiters disease”: urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis. Many diagnostic criteria for Reiters disease / reactive arthritis have been proposed for practical purpose the most acceeptable is the folowing one: posturethritic or postenterocolitic arthritis is Reiters disease / reactive arthritis. The findings of Chlamydiy from the synovia or in the synovial fluid of itients with RD suggest that arthritis may be of infective but not of reactive origin.

Prediktori pobolјšanja kvaliteta života nakon hirurške revskularizacije miokarda su još uvek nepotpuno poznati. Cilj rada je bio da ispita prediktore poboljšanja kvaliteta života šest meseci nakon hirurške revaskularizacije miokarda. Ispitivali smo 208 uzastopnih pacijenata koji su podvrgnuti hirurškoj revaskularizaciji miokarda. Za ispitivanje kvaliteta života korišćen je upitnik Nottingham Health Profile Questionnaire prvi deo. Upitnik se sastoji od 38 pitanja koji su podeljeni u 6 odeljaka: fizička pokretljivost, socijalna izolacija, emocionalne reakcije, energija, bol i san. Upitnik je podeljen svim pacijentima pre i šest meseci nakon operacije. Prosečna starost ispitivanih pacijenata je bila 58,8 ± 8,2 godine, 82% su bili muškarci. Poređenje pre i postoperativnih skorova je pokazalo da se poboljšanje nalazi kod 53,76% bolesnika, pogoršanje kod 12,46%, normalan KŽ pre i posle operacije kod 26,70%, dok je KŽ nakon operacije bez promene kod 7,08% bolesnika. Nezavisni prediktori poboljšanja kod pacijenata nakon operacije su bili: odsustvo prethodnog infarkta miokarda u odeljku fizička pokretljivost (p=0,03; OR=0,59; CI 0,40-0,92), viša CCS klasa angine u odeljcima fizička pokretljivost (p=0,006; OR=2,34; CI 1,46-3,32), energija (p=0,02; OR=1,70; CI 1,29-2,64) i bol (p<0,001; OR=4,64; CI 2,27-7,31), muški pol u odeljku bol (p=0,03; OR=0,45; CI 0,26-0,62) i mlađe starosno doba u odeljku bol (p=0,01; OR=0,69; CI 0,41-0,85). Prediktori poboljšanja kvaliteta života šest meseci nakon hirurške revaskularizacije miokarda su viša CCS klasa angine, odsustvo prethodnog infarkta miokarda, muški pol i mlađe starosno doba.

Transposition veins, in some cases when there is no adequate superficial veins, preferred is model of the vascular access. This approach may be acceptable version vascular access where is not possible to create other shapes. But basilic vein transposition is time consuming and technically challenging procedure with significant perioperative morbidity. Complication rate for basilic vein transposition remains high at 47-71%. We report a patient who underwent transposition basilic vein, and its anastomosis with radial artery, in which developed the digital hypoperfusion ischemic syndrome.

Osteoporoza se definiše kao sistemski skeletni poremećaj sa smanjenom koštanom masom i mikroarhitekturalnim oštećenjem koštanog tkiva. Faktori rizika su pojave koje znatno menjaju očekivani apsolutni rizik, odnosno verovatnoću pojave bolesti u odredjenoj populaciji. Starenje i pušenje su najčešće navodjeni faktori rizika za razvoj osteoporoze. Cilj našeg rada bio je da utvrdi najčešće prisutne faktore rizika za nastanak osteoporoze. U našem istraživačkom radu je obradjeno ukupno 88 bolesnika koji su podeljeni u dve grupe prema broju popušenih cigareta i dužini pušačkog staža. Rezultati su pokazali da faktori rizika: loše životne navike (pušenje i uzimanje kafe), su značajno zastupljeni kod pacijenata obolelih od osteoporoze. Kako bi smo blagovremeno sproveli lečenje, zaključili smo na osnovu dobijenih rezultata, da je potrebno aktivno tragati za faktorima rizika odgovornim za nastanak osteoporoze.

Dijabetesna retinopatija je najčešća mikrovaskularna komplikacija šećerne bolesti i jedna je od vodećih uzroka slepila kod odraslih uzrasta 20-74 godina. Učestalost mikrovaskularnih komplikacija dijabetesa je jasno povezana sa trajanjem dijabetesa, kvalitetom metaboličke kontrole i sistolnim krvnim pritisakom. Cilj rada bio je da se utvrdi incidencija i odrede karakteristike faktora rizika za razvoj retinopatije kod bolesnika sa dijabetesom tip 2. Studija je obuhvatila 100 ispitanika sa dijabetes melitusom tip 2, prosečne starosti 61,95±3, 98 godina. Pacijenti su podeljeni u dve grupe: pacijenti sa dijabetesom tip 2, na terapiji oralnim antidijabeticima, činili su grupu I, pacijenti sa dijabetesom tip 2 na kombinovanoj terapiji činili su grupu II. Analizirali smo anamnestičke podatke, stil života i porodičnu istoriju, štetne navike pre svega pušenje. Od kliničkih karakteristika utvrđena je telesna masa, visina, obim struka, arterijski pritisak, urađene su standardne biohemijske analize. Dijagnoza dijabetesne retinopatije postavljena je na os- novu modifikovane Međunarodne klasifikacije retinopatija. Ispitanici studijske grupe II, imali su statistički značajno duže trajanje bolesti u odnosu na ispitanike kontrolne grupe (p<0,001). U odnosu na antropometrijske karakteristike, ispitivane grupe se statistički nisu razlikovale (ITM, 27,28±8,28kg/m2 vs 28,72±5,75 kg/m2; t-1,306, a p=0,197, obim struka 95,70±12,96cm vs 94,58±12,96cm). Srednje vrednosti sistolnog krvnog pritiska u studijskoj grupi II bile su 144,50±27,37 a dijastolnog 86,30±11,08 mmHg, a u grupi koja je bila na oralnim hipoglikemicima 137,00±27,37mmHg za sistolni a dijastolnog 83,11 ±10,08 mmHg, r-0,00, p=1,00, nije bilo statistički značajne razlike među grupama. Bolesnici studijske grupe II nisu imali značajno veće vrednosti holesterola (6,02±1,59 vs 5,73± 1,29mmol/L; p=0,501), LDL holesterola (3,75±1,35 vs 3,94±1,21mmol/L; p=0,55), HDL holesterola (1,14±0,61 vs 1,02±0,27mmol/L; p=0,005), glikemije (10,2±8,15 vs 9,2±1,4mmol/L; p=0,183), u odnosu na grupu I, dok su vrednosti triglicerida su bile značajno veće (2,49±2,03 vs 2,00±1,22mmol/L; p=0,01). Poređenjem vrednosti HbA1c, statistički značajna razlika nije ustanovljena (8,8% vs 7,8%; t-2,946, p=0,009). Faktori rizika za razvoj retinopatije kod pacijenata sa dijabetesom tip 2 bili su značajno zastupljeni u obe ispitivane grupe.

Chronic pulmonary heart (HPS) stands for presence of right ventricular hypertrophy with or without right ventricular failure, arising as a consequence of chronic bronchial diseases, lung, pulmonary artery, or severe deformation of the thoracic skeleton. Excludes the pulmonary hypertension as a result of heart disease of left cavities, and congenital heart disease. During the evolution of chronic pulmonary heart, distinguished three stages: a) uncomplicated pneumopathology, b) compensated chronic pulmonary heart and c) decompensated chronic pulmonary heart. Lung ventilation is the process of moving air from the external environment to the alveolar and back, and its ultimate aim is alveolar ventilation space. This process takes place through active action - inspirium and passive - expirium, which causes the lungs to the basic position of rest. The disorders of ventilation lung function can be obstructive and restrictive, and there are often mixed forms with predominantly obstructive or predominantly restrictive pulmonary function disorder. These disorders were particularly expressed in patients with chronic decompensated pulmonary heart, what indicates this work. We studied 40 patients and found low values of vital capacity (VC) and forced exspirium volume in the first second (FEV ), with normal values of 1 Tiffeneau index, which speaks to the fact that respondents with decompensated chronic pulmonary heart have mixed ventilation insufficienty, ìainly restricted type heavy degree. 

The discovery of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) and the causal relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection with chronic gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers and gastric cancer is an epochal event in recent times. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of Hp infection and prove the connection between Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric and duodenal diseases in different age and gender categories. Study included 250 subjects of both sexes, different age groups selected random sample. All respondents were subjected to Hp urease test from biopsy specimens of the antrum and corpus of the stomach obtained by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with standard forceps. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods (CF, SD, Min, Max) and analytical statistical methods. (t test, Chi square test, Kruskal-Wallis test, MannWhitney U test, Wilcoxon test, analysis of variance, ANOVA, Spearman correlation and Persona). Non ulcer gastropathy was the dominant finding that the Hp urease negative (92.2%) and the Hp urease positive (77%)respondents .Duodenalni ulcer was common in the male sex (24.6%) and gastric cancer (2.9%), and stomach ulcer was common in women (4.5%). The most common representation non ulcer gastropathy in the fifth and sixth decades of life while duodenal ulcer was most common in the fifth decade (37.5%). Gastric ulcer was noted in the second, third and fourth decade of life. Gastric cancer is 100% of cases was recorded in the sixth decade of life. Hp Urease test that requires upper digestive endoscopy and biopsy specimens of gastric mucosa is the minimum invasive diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and HP verification changes the standard in the diagnosis of associated diseases of the stomach and duodenum. (non ulcer gastropathy, gastric and duodenal ulcers and gastric cancer).

Formation of vascular access in elderly and diabetic patients is burdened with many difficulties. The aim of this study was to determine the factors that older people and patients with diabetes mellitus defined as the population risk for the formation of arteriovenous fistula for hemodialysis. The study was organized as a retrospective study, a subject of interest in people older than 65 years of age and diabetes, which in four years because of the need for further treatment performed arteriovenous fistula. Analyzed the demographic structure of the patient, type of anastomosis, the use of central-venous catheters for hemodialysis, arterial blood pressure and size of the lumen of blood vessels used for anastomosis, intraoperative measured. From the laboratory analysis determined the routine hematological and biochemical parameters. In relation to the positioning of arteriovenous fistula (p=0.033), the placement of catheters for hemodialysis (p=0.0009), preventive form of vascular access (p=0.04) and values of systolic (p=0.0001) and diastolic (p=0.0001) arterial blood pressure, achieved a statistically significant difference. Patients with diabetic nephropathy, compared to the population of elderly, have a significantly higher number of leukocytes (7.5±2.61 vs. 8.5±3.24, p=0.03), fibrinogen level (5.57±2.39 vs. 6.8±1.71, p=0.036), glycemia (5.35±1.24 vs. 7.1±2.28, p<0.0001), cholesterol (3.77±1 , 03 vs. 4.5±1.71, p=0.001), triglycerides (1.59 ±0.62 vs. 1.86±0.76, p=0.009) and LDL-cholesterol (2.13±0.76 vs. 2.42±2.04, p=0.02). Total proteins (64±9.98 vs. 62 ±7.4, p=0.027) and albumin (36±34 vs. 9.55±5.49, p=0.037) were significantly lower values in diabetics. Characteristics of older diabetics and is characterized as a risk population of patients for the creation of arterio-fistula were timely creation and position of arterio fistula, the need for placement of central-venous catheters for hemodialysis and arterial blood pressure.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. Anatomic locations, in decreasing, are: stomach (60%), small intestine (30%), colon and rectum (5%), oesophagus (5%). Histogenesis is still unclear, criteria of malignancies are not adapted, biological behavior in not known, and the diagnosis and prognosis are questionaly. Although usually asymptomatic, large gastrointestinal stromal tumor may present with repeated bleeding. Most often diagnosis in mode during the explorative laparotomy and postoperative immunohistochemical analysis of specimen. In this paper we have analized patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors of the oesophagus. The patient preoperatively diagnosed submucosal tumor of the esophagus presented with repeated gastrointestinal bleeding. After the resuscitation, we performed total gastrectomy. The immunohistochemical analysis proved benign GIST. Surgical resection is a treatment of choice gastrointestinal stromal tumors presented with gastrointestinal bleeding. 

Epstein-Barrov virus (EBV) is a cause of heterophile antibody positive infectious mononucleosis (IM),which is characterized by fever, sore throat, limfadenopatiom and atypical limfocitozom. IM is mainly a self-limited disease. Complications of the central nervous system, hepatitis (which can be fulminant), (splenomegalia, obstruction of the upper respiratory tract with bacterial can sometimes be deadly.