Uvod: Laseri male snage nalaze široku primenu u medicini i stomatologiji zahvaljujući svojim analgetskim, antiinflamatornim, antiedematoznim i
biostimulativnim efektima. Primena lasera male snage je potpuno bezbolna, neinvazivna i bez štetnih efekata. Laseri male snage koriste zračenje
niskog intenziteta koje dovodi do stimulacije ćelijskog metabolizma i bioloških procesa bez termičkog oštećenja tkiva. U stomatologiji se najčešće
koristi u terapiji bola, za ubrzavanje zarastanja rana, smanjenje edema i inflamacije, kao i u pripremi i očuvanju mekih tkiva tokom protetskih,
parodontoloških i implantoloških procedura.
Cilj: Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitivanje efekta lasera male snage na proliferaciju HeLa ćelije u kulturi u in vitro uslovima da bi se odredili
optimalni parametri zračenja koji mogu imati biostimulativni efekat na ćelije.
Meterijal i metode: HeLa ćelijska linija održavana je u hranljivom medijumu DMEM (Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle's Minimal Essential Medium, PAA
Laboratories GmbH) obogaćenom dodatkom l-glutamina, penicilin-streptomicina (100 IU/ml) i 10% fetalnog goveđeg seruma (FBS). Ćelijska kultura
održavana je u inkubatoru (Binder, Germany), u atmosferi zasićenoj vodenom parom, sa 5% CO2, na temperaturi od 37ºC. Ćelije su sađene u sterilne
ploče za kultivaciju ćelija sa 96 mesta. Ukupan broj ćelija koji je primenjen po pojedinačnom mestu je 1x104 ćelija u 200 μl DMEM-a. Nakon
inkubacije od 24 h vršeno je zračenje ćelija. Ćelije su zračene laserom talasne dužine 658 nm, u kontinuiranom modu. Ćelije su zračene odozgo, kroz
kultivacioni medijum, u vertikalnoj sterilnoj komori (Thermo Scientific, United States). Primenjene su tri različite doze zračenja od 4, 8 i 16 J/cm2,
tri puta u razmacima od po 24 h. Efekat lasera na proliferaciju ćelija utvrđen je 24 h nakon poslednjeg zračenja MTT testom (3-(4,5-dimetiltiazolil2)-2,5-difeniltetrazolijum bromide), gde je procenat apsorbance srazmeran rastu ćelija u kulturi.
Rezultati: Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da doza 8 J/cm2 pokazuju blagi stimulatorni efekat, da je doza od 4 J/cm2 najpribližnija vrednostima
kontrole, a doza od 16 J/cm2 pokazuje blag inhibitorni efekat na trodnevni rast HeLa ćelija.
Zaključak: Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju da laser male snage, primenjen u odgovarajućim dozama, može imati biostimulativni efekat na proliferaciju
ćelija u kulturi. HeLa ćelije su metabolički najaktivnije pod tretmanom dozom zračenja od 8 J/cm2, a najmanje aktivne pod tretmanom dozom od 16
J/cm2. Ovo istraživanje doprinosi boljem razumevanju uticaja lasera male snage na biološke procese i značaja optimizacije parametara zračenja
kako bi se postigli željeni biološki efekti, čime se potencijalno poboljšava mogućnost primene lasera u stomatološkoj terapiji.
Ključne reči: laser male snage, HeLa ćelije, zračenje, ćelijski metabolizam, stomatološka terapija 

Bruxism is a parafunctional activity of the masticatory system, which is characterized by clenching or scraping of teeth. This condition is often accompanied by a change in the shape and size of the teeth, as well as the function of the stomatognathic system. Bruxism can occur during sleep and in the waking state. The etiology is multifactorial and all causes can be divided into peripheral and central. The clinical signs and symptoms of bruxism are primarily characterized by temporomandibular disorders, the appearance of bruxofacets and changes in the hard dental tissues, supporting apparatus of the teeth and masticatory muscles, as well as headaches. The diagnosis of bruxism is made on the basis of anamnesis and clinical signs and symptoms, while electromyography and polysomnographic analysis are used in scientific researches. Therapy is aimed at controlling etiological factors and reducing symptoms. Occlusal splints are the most commonly used in the treatment of bruxism. Medications are used in situations when other methods, including psychotherapy, do not give positive results. Given the multifactorial etiology, the therapeutic approach must be multidisciplinary. The approach to the patient must be individual in order to treat as effectively as possible.

Introduction: Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a universal term referred to herein to collectively denote a series of functional disorders of orofacial structures, the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and the masticatory muscles in particular. Objectives: The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders within the observed sample population of the northern part of Kosovo and Metohija, as well as the frequency of signs and symptoms of this type of disorder. Methods: The study involved a sample of 300 subjects, aged 18-30 years. The sample comprised the target student population attending the University of Pristina, Kosovska Mitrovica. A random sample, intended for sampling without replacement, was drawn from the target population. All subjects underwent the Helkimo clinical dysfunction index analysis. Results of the analysis were quantified and expressed numerically, based on severity, as the Helkimo anamnestic dysfunction index (Ai) and the clinical dysfunction index (Di) with specific values assigned thereto accordingly. Results: The prevalence of temporomandibular disorders within the observed sample population totaled 50.7% (Di> 0). In the majority of patients a mild form of TMP (67%) was reported. Temporomandibular disorders were more common in women than in men, who appear to be three times as likely to develop the respective condition, demonstrating the ratio of 3:1. The most common TMD signs and symptoms implied mandibular kinetics disturbances (46%) and TMJ sounds (45%). The prevalence of pain during mandibular movements amounted to 9%, the palpable TMJ sensitivity to 20% and the palpable sensitivity of masticatory muscles 18%. Headache and otalgia were represented with 13%, that is, 3% in the observed sample. Conclusion: Temporomandibular disorder analysis demonstrates high incidence in the population of the northern part of Kosovo and Metohija. These findings indicate the need for an extensive prevention, control and treatment of this type of disorder.