The Early Warning Score is a simple physiological scoring system that can be calculated at the patient's bedside, using parameters which are mesured in the majority of unwell patients. Patients suffering in-hospital cardiac arrest often have abnormal clinical observations documented prior to the arrest. Study objestives:This study assesses wheather these patients have less favourable outcome following in-hospital cardiac arrest. Matherials and the methods:For the present study, the patients' hospital charts were reviewed to identify possible abnormal observations within 8 h prior to the arrest. Results: From the total of 100 patients who sufferd in-hospital cardiac arrest, 64 patients had documentation of vital signs and 9 patients had no documentation of vital signs. Of the patients with documented vital signs 27 (29,7%) had normal vital signs and 64 (70,3%) had abnormal observations. Among these 64 patients the distribution was as follows: 17 patients (13,1%) had respiatory rate below 8 or over 20 per min, 40 (30,8%) had puls rate below 40 or over 140 beats per min, 20 patients (15,4%) had systolic arterial blood pressure below 90 or over 200 mmHg, 5 (3,7%) had temperature (˚C) below 36,1 or over 37,9 ˚C, 20 (15,4%) had oxygen saturation below 90%, 14 (10,8%) had decrease in consciousness and 14 (10,8%) had urine output below 50 ml/2hours). Compared with patients whose EWS were 0-2 (ОR 1,2; 95% CI: 0,935-1,507) patients with EWS 3 or more were 6,5 times more likely to die in first 24 hours (OR: 7,8; 95% CI: 1,205-50,205). Conclusions:Patients with documented clinically abnormal observations prior to in-hospital cardiac arrest have a worse outcome than those without. The main implication of these is that these patients need to be identified in time thereby possibly avoiding arrest. This can also be used when assessing the prognosis of in-hospital patients after achieved ROSC.

Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory disease that is largely attributable to infections with gram-negative bacteria and is characterised by both gingival inflammation and alveolar bone resorption. Beside macrophages, the second most common cells of the gingival inflammatory infiltrat are mast cells. Mast cells are heterogenous cell population which live from six months to one year. These cells are activated by differnt immunologic and non-immunologic signals. Activated mast cells can secrete a range of substances that regulate angiogenesis, tissue remodeling and wound healing, which include both degradation and synthesis of tissue components. Apart from that, mast cells have an important role in phagocytosis, antigen processing and presentation to T-cells. It is confirmed that gingival mast cells can express matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2. This indicates that mast cells are likely to play an important role in inflammation and tissue degradation in periodontal diseases.

Ahernia occurs when the contents of a body cavity bulge out of the area where they are normally contained. These contents, usually portions of intestine or abdominal fatty tissue, are often enclosed in the thin membrane that naturally lines the inside of the cavity. Although the term hernia can be used for bulges in other areas, it most often is used to describe hernias of the lower torso (abdominal wall hernias). Hernias by themselves usually are harmless, but nearly all have a potential risk of having their blood supply cut off (becoming strangulated). If the hernia sac contents have their blood supply cut off at the hernia opening in the abdominal wall, it becomes a medical and surgical emergency. Aims of the paper were: 1. to reveal the prevalence of inguinal region hernias (IRH) among all patients being admitted to emergency ward of Surgery Clinic at Gracanica during 2006 and 2. to show treatment efficacy of each surgical methods used. Material and method: Clinical
Center Pristine, Surgery Clinic at Gracanica patients' medical records were analyzed. Prevalence of IRH was monitored during the time frame of 1 year (2006). Basic statistical methods were applied for data analyzing. Results and discussion: During the time observed, 504 patients underwent surgical treatment. Among them, 162 patients (32,14%) were operated on inguinal region hernias. IRHs were more prevalent in males - 146 cases (90,12%) in comparison to 16 cases in females
(9,88%). During the certain time period, IRHs were more prevalent in adults 101 cases (62,35%) than in children 61 cases (37,65%). The vast majority of all operated hernias, belong to group of inguinal hernias 156 cases (96,30%). At the same time, there were only 6 cases (3,70%) of femoral hernias. This observation is in concordance with the data published worldwide inguinal hernias make up 75% of all abdominal wall hernias and occur up to 25 times more often in men than women.
The study, also, revealed incarcerated hernia (part of the intestine or abdominal tissue that becomes trapped in the sac of a hernia) in 6 patients (3,70%) while recurrent hernia was found in 3 patients (1,85%). The most frequently used surgical approaches were: i) Ferrary method in 54 patients (33,33%; ii) Lichtenstein method in 42 patients (25,93%), and iii) Bassini method in 35 patients (22,22%). Postoperative complications were noted in 3 patients (1,85%). Conclusion: Based on the results obtained, one may conclude that efficacy of surgical method used in treatment of IRH is in indirect relation with the number of postoperative recidives the higher the number of hernia recurrences, the lower the efficacy of surgical method is

Biliary calculosis is the most frequent disease of the hepathrombial system. Inflammation of the gall bladder appears in the acute and chronicle form. Acute inflammation presents one of the frequent complications of the gall bladder
calculosis. Acute inflammation of the gall bladder can appear in catarrhal, phlegmonous, gangrenous perforative form. Perforation of the inflamed changed gall bladder can lead to the diffuse biliary peritonitis, pericholecystitis and formation of
pericholecystitis infiltrate or abcess. Very often the acute inflammation of the gall bladder appears in combination with Acute inflammation of the pancreas. For the production of the work the biyearly material of the Emergency Surgical Centre
“Simonida” in Gračanica is used. In the ESC Simonida, in the period from January to December of 2004, 375 patients were operated. In the same period of time we operated 52 (13.86%) patients because of the gall bladder disease and biliary ways.
There were 45 female patients and 7 male ones. Gall bladder disease is 6.5 times more frequent at females in our material. Hard security situation and limited freedom of movement are one of the most important reasons of patients' late report to the
doctor, and appearance of the heavy forms of the inflammation of the gall bladder and biliary ways. The acute form of the inflammation of the gall bladder was noticed at 25 patients. The complications of the disease in the sense of cholecystopancreatitis, choledolithiasis, suppurating cholangiitis, choledolithiasis i cholecystoduodenal fistule were found at 27 patients. Postoperative complications were verified at 3 patients, wound infection at 2 patients and peritonitis at one
patient after drawing ouf the T-drain.

The urgent surgery center “Simonida” in Gra~anica was built by humanitarian organization “Doctors of the World” from Greece with donation of Ministry of Foreign affairs of Greece and Greek institute for mother and child. He started working in march 2000. Even though, it has a small capacity of 15 beds, it represent a very important part in health care for the people Serbian enclaves in Kosovo and Metohia. During 2002. 15133 patients were examined in this hospitaly. 811 patient were hospitalized, and 98 of them were operated. Serbian doctors performed the firs surgery 11.07.2002. when the patient S.S. 46 years old was operated due to inguinal hernia on left side. In the urgent surgery center 72 (73,47%) male patients and 26 (26,53%) female patients. Were operated 64 (65,31%) adults patients and 34 (34,69%) children were operated. In this hospital 46 patients for inguinal hernia, 14 patients for acuta appendicitis, 8 for inflammation of gall, 4 for testis retency, 4 for pilonoidal sinus, 3 for higrom, and 22 patients with other diseased were operated. Total anestesy used with 68 (69,63%), spinalis with 22 (22,45%) and local with 8 (8,16%) patients. Total anestesy was used with 36 adulta patients and with 32 children patients. Considering the restricted freedom of moveing and bad security situation of people in enclaves, the urgent surgery center “Simonida” justify its egzistence making possible adequate surgery help to the suftering peoples of Central Kosovo, Sirini} region and region Kosovsko Pomoravlje.