Infections caused by viruses hepatitis B and C are one of the most severe problem in contemporary medicine. These viruses show high affinity to hepatocytes. The fundamental pathogenetic mechanisam which is responsible for hepatocyte damage, depends either on cytocidal effect of virus or immunological response of the infected host. The most common way of virus transmission nowdays is parenteralno, due to intravenous drug abuse, while earlier the blood transfusion was a more often the pathway of infection. Patients on chronical hemodialysis are at increased risk of HCV infection. The aim of our study was to determine the most common risk factors and pathways of HBV and HCV infection, as well as to assess the significance of the serological markers of hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses in risk groups of patients. The study was conducted at Institute for blood transfusion at Health Center of Kosovska Mitrovica, in the period from January 2000 until December 2015. ELISA test was performed for the confirmation of presence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses in the blood. The results showed that the number of respondents increased significantly during the research period. Voluntary blood donors were significantly more represented than respondents who were referred by a physician. Average age of all seropositive? examinees in the study was 47,1 ± 18,1 years (range from 8 – 79 years). HBV seropositivity was significantly more present compared to HCV seropositivity. The highest incidence of HBV and HCV infection was recorded in the working age population, between 40 and 50 years of age. Analyzing the data of the way of infection transmission, most patients reported an unknown pathway of infection (39%). The second most common way of infection transmission was hemodialysis (28.4%), while the intravenous drug abuse was noted in 13,4% of patients. We can conclude that the implementation of regular screening and timely prevention, as well as the education program of the population can be helpful in reducing the number of patients with HBV and HCV infection

Termin „akutni infarkt miokarda“ koristi se kada postoji dokaz za nekrozu miokarda u situaciji kada klinička slika ukazuje na ishemiju miokarda. Prosečno godišnje u svetu od akutnog infarkta miokarda oboli 6 miliona ljudi, letalni ishod se javi kod više od 25% slučajeva. Identifikacija najvažnijih epidemioloških karakteristika infarkta miokarda u srpskim sredinama Kosova i Metohije. U radu je korišćena epidemiološka studija preseka (cross sectional). U periodu od 2004-2011 na Kosovu i Metohiji (srpske sredine) prijavljeno je ukupno 421 obolelih od akutnog infarkta miokarda. Odnos obolelih muškaraca u odnosu na broj obolelih žena iznosi 2,69:1. Najveći broj obolelih (92) kao i najviša nestandardizovana stopa incidencije akutnog infarkta miokarda (59,13/100000 stanovnika) registrovani su 2008. godine. Učestalost obolevanja od akutnog infarkta miokarda pokazuje statistički značajnu povezanost sa uzrastom obolelih i polom (hi-kvadrat =21,39, DF=1, p<0,001). Linearni trend stope incidencije pokazuje pozitivan trend sa porastom broja obolelih (y=33.8+2.3x). Validni podaci o umrlim osobama su dostupni za period od 2008. do 2011. godine. U tom periodu od akutnog infarkta miokarda je umrlo 166 lica. Odnos umrlih muškaraca i umrlih žena je iznosio 1,22:1. Nestandardizovane stope mortaliteta akutnog infarkta miokarda kretale su se od 41,77/100000 stanovnika, zabeležene 2008. godine do 17,35/100000 stanovnika, 2011.godine. Linearni trend stope mortaliteta pokazuje negativan trend sa smanjenjem broja umrlih (y=26.7-3.6x). Akutni infarkt miokarda je česta bolest na Kosovu i Metohiji. U razboljevanju dominiraju osobe muškog pola, uzrasta preko 50 godina. Gotovo 60% umrlih su stariji od 70 godina. Razboljevanje ima pozitivan trend, dok je trend umiranja negativan.

Osnovni cilj rada je identifikacija najvažnijih epidemioloških karakteristika malignih bolesti u opštinama severnog dela kosovskomitrovačkog okruga. U radu je korišćena epidemiološka metoda studija preseka (cross sectional). Kao materijal za izradu rada i izvođenje zaključaka korišćeni su podaci iz Registra za hronične nezarazne bolesti Zavoda za javno zdravlje Priština sa sedištem u Kosovskoj Mitrovici. U periodu od 2004-2011. godine na Kosovu i Metohiji (srpske enklave) prijavljeno je 913 obolelih od malignih bolesti. U strukturi obolelih provlađuju osobe muškog pola 545 (60 %). Bolest je registrovana u 14 naselja. Vodeće lokalizacije obolelih od malignih tumora kod muškaraca su karcinom pluća i bronha sa učešćem od 44,4% u ukupnoj strukturi lokalizacija obolelelih, zatim slede karcinom laringsa (7,7%), kolorektalni karcinom (6,8%), maligni tumori želuca (6,1%) i prostate (5,3 %). Maligni tumori dojke (24,7%), pluća i bronha (17,4%), grlića materice (8,2%), kolorektalni karcinom (6,8 %) i ovarijalni karcinom (5,4%) su najčešće lokalizacije kod žena. Učestalost malignih bolesti pluća i bronha je statistički značajna u starosnoj dobi od 55-64 godina kod osoba muškog pola. Kod žena je najčešće javljanje malignih oboljenja dojke u starosnoj dobi od 45-59 godina (45%). U analiziranom periodu najveći broj obolelih muškaraca 125, (22,9%) registrovan je u opštini Leposavić. Najveća učestalost obolevanja kod žena registrovana je u opštini Kosovska Mitrovica (84 (22,8%). Na osnovu jednačine linije trenda za muški pol (y=68,125 +0,64 x), broj novoobolelih osoba pokazuje pozitivan trend sa porastom broja obolelih. Pozitivan trend rasta broja obolelih je prisutan i u ženskoj populaciji što pokazuje jednačina linije trenda za ženski pol (y=46+0,13 x). U posmatranom periodu od malignih bolesti je umrlo 673 lica (390 muškaraca i 283 žena). Na osnovu jednačine linije trenda za muški pol (y=65+1,73x), broj umrlih osoba pokazuje pozitivan trend , dok jednačina linije trenda za ženski pol ukazuje na negativan trend sa stagnacijom, i u kasnijem periodu blagim padom broja umrlih (y=47,17+0,13x). Vodeća lokalizacija umrlih od malignih tumora kod muškaraca je karcinom pluća i bronha 33,3%.Kod žena je karcinom dojke vodeći uzrok smrtnosti od malignih bolesti sa učešćem u strukturi umrlih od 20,8%. U cilju potpunijeg sagledavanja značaja i prevencije malignih bolesti, neophodno je objediniti podatke za celokupnu teritoriju Kosova i Metohije, organizovati skrining programe za rano otkrivanje malignih bolesti, kao i ažurniju dostavu relevantnih podataka Zavodu za javno zdravlje, naročito o umrlim osobama.

Dijabetes je jedno od najčešćih hroničnih nezaraznih obolenja u svetu i kod nas. Sa postepenim porastom incidencije dobija pandemijski karakter i predstavlja veliki javnozdravstveni problem. Osnovni cilj rada je identifikacija najvažnijih epidemioloških karakteristika dijabetesa u srpskim enklavama Kosova i Metohije. U radu je korišćena epidemiološka metoda studija preseka (cross sectional). U periodu od 2004-2011. godine prijavljeno je 1166 obolelih od dijabetesa,130 od dijabetesa tip 1 (11,1%), 1036 od dijabetesa tip 2 (88,9%). Najviša nestandardizovana stopa incidencije kod dijabetesa tip 1 (23,6/100.000), zabeležena je 2005. godine, a kod dijabetesa tip 2 (281,5/100.000) 2006. godine. Linearni trend stope incidencije pokazao je najznačajniji pad u ispitivanom periodu kod dijabetesa tip 1 (y=10.4-0.68x), umeren pad kod oba tipa dijabetesa (y=93.1-2.13x) i neznatno smanjenje stope incidencije kod dijabetesa tip 2, (y=161,6-0.57x). Nestandardizovane stope mortaliteta svih tipova dijabetesa u ispitivanom periodu kretale su se u rasponu od 5,1/100.000 do 14,0/100.000. Dijabetes tip 2 se najučestalije javlja u opštini Kosovska Mitrovica (hi-kvadrat=8,39, DF=1,p<0,01), a dijabetes tip 1 u opštini Leposavić (hi-kvadrat=21,12 DF=1, p<0,01).Prema topografskoj distribuciji zapaža se najveće učešće u strukturi umrlih u opštini Kosovska Mitrovica, (40,0%) od dijabetesa tip 1, a u Leposaviću od dijabetesa tip 2 (22,%).

Because of significance of self-rated health as a valid measure of health status it is important to research what influence on individuals when they assess own health.. The aims of the study were to investigate how north Kosovska Mitrovica adults describe their health and to compare results with results from Serbia without Kosovo and Metohija; and to determine which variables are connected with self-rated health status among this population. The research was conducted as crosssectional study, done on the representative sample of adult citizens in northern Kosovska Mitrovica in the year 2006. 318 examinees were examine. The instrument of research was a questionnaire which contained questions about self-rated health and demographic and socio-economic characteristics, mental health, social interaction, capability of daily activities, health behaviour and habits, diseases and injuries, utilization of health care service. Independent variables are defined through fac2 tor analysis taken from these groups of question. For statistic analysis were used X -test and multivariate stepwise linear regression. More than half of the respondents (54,7%) their health assessed as good or very good. Inhabitants of northern Kosovska Mitrovica were significantly often their health assessed as good or verz good than inhabitants of Serbia without Kosovo and Metohija (p<0,05). Self-rated health were connected with foreword variables: gender, mood problems, myocardial infarction, chronic bronchitis, psychic and neurotic disorders, rheumatic arthritis, high blood sugar, utilization of private gynecologist service and paying for diagnostic service. Results from this study correspond with findings from literature. Most of the respondents in north Kosovska Mitrovica assessed their own health as good or very good. Bad and very bad health was significantly associated with females, problems with mood, myocardial infarction, chronic bronchitis, psychic or neurotic disorders, rheumatic arthritis and high blood sugar. Good and very good health was significantly associated with utilization of private gynecologist service and paying for diagnostic service. 

Aim of this study was to identify the most relevant epidemiological risk factors for acquiring tularemia. Method used in the study was cross section. During period 2000-2006 at the territory of Serbia (excluding Kosovo and Metohia region) 254 tularemia cases were identified. No lethal outcomes were noted. Tularemia was registered in 11 districts of Central Serbia, while no cases of the disease were noticed in region of Vojvodina. In Serbian enclaves in Kosovo and Metohia there were 4 cases of Tularemia. 4 epidemics with 21 diseased persons were reported at territory of Central Serbia. Majority of patients were 20-60 years old (86%). No significance difference in sex distribution was observed. Almost the same number of male (129) and female (125) patients was affected. This could be explained by identical exposure of both sexes to diseases causative agents. The disease has seasonal character. It occurs most often in late autumn and winter due to contact with diseased rabbits during hunting season, meat consummation, and inhalation of dust containing diseased animal excreta. During observation period linear trend of incidence rate have not shown statistically significant elevation neither decrease.

Inhibins are glycoprotein hormones of which there are two molecular forms, inhibin A and inhibin B. Classically, inhibin is known to have a negative feedback effect on pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone secretion. The fetoplacental unit produced inhibin throughout pregnancy. Inhibin Ais the predominant molecular form of inhibin in maternal circulation from 4 week of gestation. Although the precise biological function of inhibin Ain pregnancy is unclear, it is evident from recent studies that inhibin A could be a better marker of placental function than human chorionic gonadotropin because of its shorter half-life. The possible clinical application for the measurement of inhibin Ain early pregnancy could be in predicting miscarriage , Down's syndrome, preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction in the first and/or second trimester before the onset of yhe clinical symptoms. Inaddition, several evidences underline the potential role and the clinical usefulness of their measurements in the diagnosis, prevention,prognosis and follow-up of different gestational pathologies such as:threatened abortion, placental tumors, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy,intrautherine growth restriction,fetal hypoxia.The measurement of inhibin Aand activin Ainto the biological fluids of pregnancy will offer in the future further possibilities in early diagnosis,prediction and monitoring pregnancy diseases.

The aim of this study was to identify main epidemiological risk factors for the Leptospirosis at territory of Serbia. The cross sectional study was used as epidemiological method during investigation. During period of 2000-2006. Leptospirosis affected 211 people, while 14 of them died as a consequence of this illness in Serbia. Number of patients with Leptospirosis was almost equal at the territory of Central Serbia and Vojvodina region, while at Serbian enclaves in Kosovo and Metohija there was no single case of sickness. Most of the affected patients were working people, males between 20 and 60 years old (97%) with higher risk factor for contamination with disease determined by their profession (farmers, fishermen, veterinarians. Seasonal character of illness (most of the affected in August) was caused by increased exposition to Leptospirosis in summer time (swallowing of contaminated water during swimming and diving, small wounds on skin etc)

Search for objective indicators of health state of the population is essential public health issue. First serious attempt of health evaluation of the population were observed in the end of 18. and beginning of the 19. century. In this period of time, description of health population was mostly based on indicators which were based on data of numbers of death. Later, because of significant decrease of infectious disease and improvement of life and work conditions comes to an extension of average life span. Also, comes to a change of conceptualization of health. As a result of all this changes it has been noticed need for consideration of other aspects of health. As a outcome, indicators of disease, disability and non-biological indicators of health (as a approach to health service, quality of health protection, condition of living, life style factors and environment factors) are more and more necessary for documentation of human capacity for physical, mental and social functioning as a objective analysis of health state. To get all the information of all aspects of health which can not be get from health statistics routine data, was started with examination of population health trough interview, respectively polling out representative population sample. Aim of this studies is to get basic information about population health, in manner to supplement the picture of population states, identify health problems and health needs, to get the picture of representations of risk factors among population; to get the picture of health service utility; to find out health disparity among different countries and inside the country, among different population groups; to follow the change of health states during the time; to follow achievement in health strategy; to insure data for people which are creating health politics, in manner to coordinate theirs politics, strategy and programs. This kind of study is taking place every year in many countries and in others periodically. In our country this kind of studies were done during the year of 2000. and 2006

On the territory of Yugoslavia Q fever presents a significant health and epidemiological problem. In Vojvodina Q
fever is being reported in epidemic form. In adition to, sporadic cases are registrated in Central Serbia as well. In Kosovo and Metohia during this period there was no single case of Q fever diagnosed. This disease is primary professional illness. Q
fever is more often diagnosed in male compared to female gender. Among reported cases elderly structures between 20 and
59 dominate and participation of those elderly groups estimate 78,4% of all registerd cases. Q fever has a strictly seasonal
character, and the most cases are reported in the period January-April