Evaluation of population health condition is a basic mode of collecting health condition and health needs data of a population. Evaluation of population health condition is a base of contemporary health care and health service as well as health improvement and further health system development. In order to gain information on all (physical, psychological and social) health aspects, one has to go beyond health care system and consider objective health condition indicators gained by routine health statistics along with subjective information for creation an image of health condition, that is to say data collected from citizens themselves. This is significantly important when health condition data are sparse, as this is the case with health marginalized groups such as refugees and displaced persons. Value of data collected in this way is in the fact that they refer to determinants defining health, such as social-economical status, life style, education, employment, quality and availability of health care. The aims of this research is to establish how refugees, housed in refuge camps in the North Kosovo and Metohija, evaluate their health and what are the most common health problems of this population. The research was undertaken as a study of a standard representative sample of the adult refugees housed in the refuge camps in the North Kosovo and Metohija. It involved 109 surveyed people. The questionnaire, used for Health Examination in the Republic of Serbia adapted to local conditions, was utilized as a research instrument. The data were processed by descriptive statistics methods 2 and ÷ test was used in the means of data analyzing. More than a half of the surveyed (55.1%) answered that their health condition was good and very good. There is a great difference in health self-evaluating regarding age, marital status, education, the year when they arrived to current domicile. Less than two thirds (65.2%) of the surveyed in the refuge camps in North Kosovo and Metohija claimed that they suffer from some mentioned chronic illnesses. 

Chemical injuries of the eye i.e. causoma means 4% up to 10% of all ocular trauma cases. Purpose: to determinate basic socio-epidemiologic characteristics of patients who has been hospitalized due to causoma. Method: prospective case control study carried on 54 patients who havå been treated at Department of Ophthalmology Health Center K.Mitrovica and Clinic of Eye Disease in Nis. Results: in total, 40 male and 14 women were injured (mean age 41.8 years). The bricklayers, painters and construction-workers are the most frequent injured. Injuries caused by alkalis were significant prevailing in relation to those caused by acids (64.8% vs. 35.2). Monocular causoma were almost twice more frequent. Accident as a manner of injury was in 96.3% of all cases. Men were injured by caustic lime and sulphuric acid while women were injured by sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid and acetate acid. More serious clinical appearance had a patients with injuries caused by explosion of accumulator because of associated mechanical injuries of the eye.

Seronegative arthropathy represents group of rheumatic diseases which affects younger patients, more often male. Ocular findings are numerous such as conjunctivitis, iridocyclitis, and they are a part of extraarticular clinical manifestations. Acute anterior uveitis, as most common ocular manifestation, could be a sole or associated morbidity condition at the forme of systemic diseases.

One of aims of health surveys is comparison helth status of residents on different territories. Comparative analysis оf health surveys in five countries: (England, USA, Ireland, Canada and Hungary) and establish opportunities for comparison health status of residents in different country. Will be doing comparative analysis of results from health surveys in five quoted country. First of all, will be doing comparison of methods and derived results. Specially, will be notice on determinants of health which are applied in surveys. Methodology which was used is, mainly, similar in all country. Its health state like a best describes residents of USA. There are most smokers among Hungarians (30,5%) and least of all among Americans (17%). There are most obeses among residents of England (23,1%) and least of all among Canadians (15%). Most Americans and Hungarians (85%) visited general practitioners in recent year. Questions about limited mobility, depression, mental health, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, blood pressure, fisical activity, mammography, prescribe medicine, estimation quality of health care service and satisfaction with health care service there isn't in most of surveys. We can conclude that the methodology, which was used in surveys, is mainly similar. There are, obviously, variances in wording questions, respecting in determinants of health wich are exploratives in questionnaires. In order to escape these variances, one of the solution would have been using standardized questionnaires, which will be using in future surveys in all country.

Exudative age-related macular degeneration is leading cause of irreversible vision loss in developed countries. Subfoveal localisation of choroidal neovascular membrane is the most difficult form for treatment. At the last three years, the new group of agens well-known as anti-VEGF agens was approved for treatment of exudative AMD. In that purpose, intravitreally administrated agens is recommended. Efficacy and safety of anti-VEGF agens were proved in short-time follow up period.

Inhibins are glycoprotein hormones of which there are two molecular forms, inhibin A and inhibin B. Classically, inhibin is known to have a negative feedback effect on pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone secretion. The fetoplacental unit produced inhibin throughout pregnancy. Inhibin Ais the predominant molecular form of inhibin in maternal circulation from 4 week of gestation. Although the precise biological function of inhibin Ain pregnancy is unclear, it is evident from recent studies that inhibin A could be a better marker of placental function than human chorionic gonadotropin because of its shorter half-life. The possible clinical application for the measurement of inhibin Ain early pregnancy could be in predicting miscarriage , Down's syndrome, preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction in the first and/or second trimester before the onset of yhe clinical symptoms. Inaddition, several evidences underline the potential role and the clinical usefulness of their measurements in the diagnosis, prevention,prognosis and follow-up of different gestational pathologies such as:threatened abortion, placental tumors, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy,intrautherine growth restriction,fetal hypoxia.The measurement of inhibin Aand activin Ainto the biological fluids of pregnancy will offer in the future further possibilities in early diagnosis,prediction and monitoring pregnancy diseases.

Fracture of orbital floor is relatively frequenthly injuries. Fractures can appear same in war or peacefull conditions. War injuries can be bursting, and in many cases is very hard, with fracture, dislocation and defect more of orbit walls. Peacefulls injuries orbital floor appear mostly in car exident, fight, fall on face, and also in sports activity. Regarding specific anatomic structure, sensitive position and content of orbital cavity, even today exists different opinion especially by question of mechanism of originate, same as question of injury treatment.

Diabetic retinopathy, particularly diabetic maculopathy, are leading cause of visual loss in the world.Purpose: to estimate type of diabetic maculopathy in patients with diabetic retinopathy. Method: hospital based study. 118 patients with diabetic retinopathy underwent complete ophthalmologic examination ( mean age 58,1 years, male 78, female 40; 7% were diabetes type 1 patients; 46% had nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and 54% had proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Results: 88 patients (74% of all) had diabetic maculopathy. The most common type of diabetic maculopathy was diffuse (60% of all patients ), afterward focal (33% patients) ischemic maculopathy (both with PDR) had two patients (3%) and five patients had mixtus (7%) . Conclusions: diffuse diabetic maculopathy is the most common type of maculopathy both in NPDR and PDR

Search for objective indicators of health state of the population is essential public health issue. First serious attempt of health evaluation of the population were observed in the end of 18. and beginning of the 19. century. In this period of time, description of health population was mostly based on indicators which were based on data of numbers of death. Later, because of significant decrease of infectious disease and improvement of life and work conditions comes to an extension of average life span. Also, comes to a change of conceptualization of health. As a result of all this changes it has been noticed need for consideration of other aspects of health. As a outcome, indicators of disease, disability and non-biological indicators of health (as a approach to health service, quality of health protection, condition of living, life style factors and environment factors) are more and more necessary for documentation of human capacity for physical, mental and social functioning as a objective analysis of health state. To get all the information of all aspects of health which can not be get from health statistics routine data, was started with examination of population health trough interview, respectively polling out representative population sample. Aim of this studies is to get basic information about population health, in manner to supplement the picture of population states, identify health problems and health needs, to get the picture of representations of risk factors among population; to get the picture of health service utility; to find out health disparity among different countries and inside the country, among different population groups; to follow the change of health states during the time; to follow achievement in health strategy; to insure data for people which are creating health politics, in manner to coordinate theirs politics, strategy and programs. This kind of study is taking place every year in many countries and in others periodically. In our country this kind of studies were done during the year of 2000. and 2006

Visual acuity in the patients who suffered from end stage renal disease (ESRD) on hemodialysis (HD) treatment is essential prerequisite of good life quality. PURPOSE: to evaluate the prevalence and causes of visual impairment at the patients on HD. METHOD: 71 patients on HD were assessed with this study. The main outcomes were best corrected visual acuity and primary cause of visual impairment. RESULTS: statistical significance obtained for the followed refraction errors: 42 % of patients had hyperopia (p<0.000; 95% CI 0.36-0.48) and 15% of them myopia (p=0.030; 95% CI 0.11-0.19) as well as low vision (amblyopia) at 6% (p=0.024; 95%CI 0.03-0.09). CONCLUSION: it's necessarily to provide regular monitoring of all patients on HD. Prevalence of refractive errors and visual impairment is more often among patients on HD then on general population