Uvod: COVID-19 predstavlja inflamatornu bolest koja varira od asimptomatske do teške kliničke slike. Rano prepoznavanje pacijenata sa povećanim
 rizikom od progresije bolesti značajno je za dalji tok lečenja. Odnos neutrofila i limfocita (NLR), kao i odnos trombocita i limfocita (PLR),značajni su
 kao pokazatelji sistemskog inflamatornog odgovora. Cilj: Cilj studije je utvrditi prediktivnu ulogu inicijalnog odnosa neutrofila i limfocita (NLR)
 trombocita i limfocita (PLR) u proceni težine kliničke slike kao i daljem toku lečenja pacijenata obolelih od COVID-19. Materijal i metode:
 Sprovedena je retrospektivna studija kod hospitalizovanih pacijenata obolelih od COVID-19 u KBC Priština- Gračanica, u periodu od početka
 pandemije do jula 2021. godine. Dijagnoza COVID-19 je potvrđivana pozitivnim PCR testom kojim je detektovana nukleinska kiselina iz uzorka
 nazofaringealnog brisa. U odnosu na težinu kliničke slike pacijente smo podelili na pacijente sa teškom i lakšom kliničkom slikom. Analizirali smo
 Ne/Ly i Tr/Ly u odnosu na ostale laboratorijske parametre. Za testiranje hipoteze o razlici učestalosti korišćen je χ² i Mann Whitney test i Spermanov
 koeficijent korelacije. Kriterijum za statističku značajnost je p<0.005. Rezultati: Istraživanje je sprovedeno kod 634 pacijenta, starosne dobi od 18
 do 93 godine (prosečna vrednost 57,4 ± 15,9 godina), pacijenti muškog pola bili su statistički značajno stariji. Većina pacijenata(71,8%) lečena je na
 opštem odeljenju, dok je kod 28,2% došlo do razvoja teške kliničke slike koja je zahtevala lečenje u jedinici intenzivne nege (JIN).Inicijalni
 laboratorijski parametri pokazali su značajno povišene vrednosti neutrofila, C-reaktivnog proteina (CRP), aspartat aminotransferaze (AST), glikemije i
 kreatin kinaze (CK) kod pacijenata sa težom kliničkom slikom. Pacijenti sa blažom kliničkom slikom imali su više vrednosti limfocita, trombocita,
 ukupnih proteina i albumina u odnosu na pacijente sa težom kliničkom slikom. Odnos neutrofila i limfocita (Ne/Ly) na prijemu je pozitivno korelirao
 sa sledećim parametrima: starost, broj leukocita,neutrofila, CRP, GGT, LDH, glikemija i CK. S druge strane, uočena je negativna korelacija između
 odnosa Ne/Ly i vrednosti limfocita i albumina na prijemu.Odnos trombocita i limfocita (Tr/Ly) na prijemu pokazao je pozitivnu povezanost sa
 vrednosću leukocita, neutrofila, trombocita, kao i sa vrednostima CRP-a i glikemije. Negativna povezanost je zabeležena između Tr/Ly sa
 vrednostima limfocita i albumina. Zaključak: Odnosi neutrofila i limfocita i trombocita i limfocita na prijemu mogu pomoći u proceni razvoja teže
 kliničke slike pacijenata obolelih od COVID-19, ali ne samostalno, kao izolovani pokazatelji već zajedno sa ostalim kliničkim parametrima. 
Ključne reci: COVID-19; laboratorijski parametri; klinička slika

Uvod: Kompjuterizovana tomografija (KT) grudnog koša je značajna radiološka metoda u dijagnostikovanju COVID-19, planiranju lečenja i proceni
 odgovora na primenjenu terapiju. KT skor ili indeks težine bolesti (eng. Computed Tomography Severity Score Index-CTSS) se smatra korisnim
 sredstvom u proceni obima zahvaćenosti pluća inflamatornim promenama, što može pomoći u predviđanju smrtnog ishoda kod obolelih.
 Cilj rada: Ispitati ulogu KT skora težine bolesti na prijemu u zdravstvenu ustanovu u predikciji letalnog ishoda kod pacijenata obolelih od COVID-19.
 Metode rada: Ovom studijom obuhvaćeno je 176 pacijenata sa potvrđenom infekcijom SARS-CoV-2 koji su hospitalizovani u Kovid bolnici Kliničko
bolničkog centra Kosovska Mitrovica od jula 2020. do marta 2022. godine. Svi ispitanici su na prijemu bili upućivani na pregled kompjuterizovanom
 tomografijom grudnog koša. Određivanjem KT skora težine bolesti utvrđivan je procenat pluća zahvaćenih COVID-19 pneumonijom i oblik bolesti
 (blagi, umeren i težak). Praćenjem ishoda bolesti sagledana je prognostička uloga inicijalnog KT pregleda grudnog koša.
 Rezultati: Najveći broj ispitanika je imao umereni oblik bolesti. Uočava se značajna razlika u distribuciji plućne inflamacije, sa jednostranom i
 perifernom lokalizacijom promena koje su najčešći nalaz kod blagog oblika pa sve do obostranih promena koje zahvataju veću površinu pluća kod
 teških oblika bolesti. Najučestalije promene viđene inicijalnim KT pregledom su senke izgleda „mlečnog stakla“, dilatirani krvni sudovi i
 konsolidacije. 
Zaključak: Vrednosti ukupnog KT skora veće od 17 su odličan diskriminatorni kriterijum letalnog ishoda kod pacijenata obolelih od COVID-19. Pomoću ovog načina skorovanja
 stepena plućne inflamacije viđene kompjuterizovnom tomografijom na prijemu u zdravstvenu ustanovu može se predvideti ishod bolničkog lečenja. Sveobuhvatnim
 sagledavanjem pacijenta na prijemu može se izvršiti adekvatna klinička procena i samim tim primena odgovarajućih terapijskih protokola u lečenju COVID-19.
 Ključne reči: COVID-19, kompjuterizovana tomografija grudnog koša, KT skor težine bolesti, smrtni ishod.

Introduction/Objective

The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between use of psychoactive substances among University students and diagnosed somatic or mental disorders.

Methods

The cross-sectional study was conducted in a population of 2,000 students of the Belgrade University. Four faculties (Medicine, Geography, Economics, Electrical Engineering) from which the students participating in this research were chosen by the method of random choice (by computer listing), conducted in the period April - June 2010.

Results

We observed that are more numerous students who used psychoactive substances among students with diagnosed somatic illnesses compared to those without them. Statistical significance was found among students who used tobacco (p=0.027), alcohol (p=0.002), sedatives (p&lt;0.001) and cannabis (p=0.021). Mental disorders are also connected to use of psychoactive substances. The statistical significance was achieved for all psychoactive substances except for alcohol.

Conclusion

Use of psychoactive substances is an important issue among University students with diagnosed somatic or mental disorder. Therefore, it is essential to recognize the symptoms and consequences of such behavior, and above all and connection thereof, the importance of prevention which may enhance better solution-seeking via proper education.

Introduction/Objective 
The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of alcohol use in the student population of the University of
Belgrade.
Methods 
The cross-sectional study was conducted in a population of 2,000 students of the Belgrade University. Four faculties (Medicine, Geography,
Economics, Electrical Engineering) from which the students participating in this research were chosen by the method of random choice (by computer
listing), conducted in the period April - June 2010.
Results 
Among our respondents, the highest amount of spirits is consumed by respondents from the Faculty of Electrical Engineering, with 22% of
them consuming more than 6 shots on each occasion, while the smallest number of students who drink more than 6 shots on each occasion are from
the Faculty of Economics, with 8%. Students from the Faculty of Electrical Engineering, who have the lowest prevalence of cigarette use, consume
alcohol in a binge drinking pattern. The highest frequency of binge drinking in the past year and in the past month before the survey was among
respondents from the Faculty of Geography.
Conclusion 
There is a need for developing a conscience about all the effects that alcohol has, especially physical ones which are not usually noticed
immediately; taking responsibility for own actions; working on a healthy life style and educating people to enhance and improve their health control.

Aims: The objectives of this study were to find out whether and to what extent Actinomyces neuii is pathogenic to humans in terms of causing invasive infections and to ascertain the most appropriate and effective antibiotic therapy against this bacterium. Material and method: This study was designed as a systematic review article. MEDLINE, Google Scholar, SCIndex, Cochrane database of published clinical trials - Central and Clinicaltrials.gov databases were systematically searched for primary case reports or case series describing invasive infection with Actinomyces neuii. Results: A literature search identified 23 studies that met the inclusion criteria, describing cases of patients with an invasive infection caused by Actinomyces neuii. It was found that A. neuii could cause endocarditis, endophthalmitis, osteomyelitis, pleural empyema, soft tissue abscesses, neonatal sepsis, ventriculoperitoneal shunt infections and periprosthetic tissue infections. The most prescribed antibiotics for the treatment of Actinomyces neuii infections were amoxicillin and vancomycin (n = 10; 12.3%), followed by penicillin (n =9; 11.1%), gentamicin (n = 6; 7.4%), ampicillin (n = 5; 6.2%) and ceftazidime (n = 4; 4.9%). Antibiotic treatment of infections caused by A. neuii was followed by clinical improvement or complete cure of all patients, with no recorded deaths. Conclusion: A. neuii has a relevant pathogenic potential to cause invasive infections of various organs and tissues, especially in immunocompromised individuals of any age. For the treatment of mild infections caused by this bacterium, the antibiotics of choice are penicillin or amoxicillin, while vancomycin should be used to treat severe infections caused by Actinomyces neuii.

Introduction: Hepatitis B virus is primarily hepatotropic, causing chronic hepatitis B in 5-10% of patients. Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection is a dynamic process, which may have five phases: immunotolerant, immunoactive, latency phase, reactive and HBsAg negative phase. Aim: Analyze clinical and biochemical parameters in relation to morphological condition of the liver. Material and Methods: The study enrolled 35 patients diagnosed with CHB, 24 males and 11 females, aged between 12 and 62 years, in the period 2015-2016. The diagnosis was based on serological, biochemical results, and liver biopsy. In patients in an ELISA assay demonstrated the presence of HBsAg in serum. Results: The study shows that middle-aged male patients are more prone to chronic hepatitis B infection. Most patients have one or two symptoms.Fatigue and right subcostal pain are most commonly present in the groups with fibrosis in second- and third-degree,and hepatomegaly in the group with fibrosis in first-degree. Splenomegaly is present only in groups with fibrosis in third and fourth degree. Elevated average aminotransaminase levels reflected the degree of fibrosis. Significant statistical difference in aminitransaminase levels was confirmed between the group of patients with third- and forth-degree and patients without fibrosis. Conclusion: The increase in ALT levels reflect the degree of fibrosis and cirrhosis of the occurrence. ALT levels may be a predictor of the process of the fibrogenesis, as well as to indicate the degree of fibrosis in HHB infection. Due to frequent discrepancies between clinical manifestations and results of laboratory tests, liver biopsy has been considered “gold standard” for establishing the diagnosis, staging chronic hepatitis B, making therapeutic decisions, monitoring the course of the disease, and assessing prognosis.

Basal cell carcinoma is a slow-growing malignant skin tumor and its often found in elderly patients on sun exposed areas that confirming chronic UV radiation. Demographic, clinical and histological characteristics of the patients have been analyzed of nodular type of basal cell carcinoma in order to determine correlation between localization, duration and tumor size. Database was searched for medical records of patients with nodular BCC evaluated in Health Center of Kosovska Mitrovica and Clinical Center of Nis during the period of 2006 through 2008 year with the focus on demographic characteristics, localization, duration, size and clinical and histological characteristics of the tumor. Results: 36 patients with nodular BCC, 14 female and 22 male, in average old between 72.5±7.26 years of age. Two thirds of patients is older than 60 years and only 3 (8.33%) male patients are younger than 60 years of age. 72.11% of patients living in rural areas unlike 27.77% that lives in urban areas. Nodular type is occurring more often in males on skin of frontal and zygomatical region and in females on zygomatic and nose region. We found that the size of the tumor is in close correlation with length of duration of illness. Nodal BCC is more common in elderly male patients. Nodular type is occurring more often in males on skin of frontal and zygomatical region with a different distribution among women.

Introduction: Toxoplasma gondii is one of the causative agents from the groups of TORCH infections, which are commonly associated with congenital anomalies. Objective: Defining risk factors for infection byToxoplasma gondii of women in reproductive ages in the territory of Kosovska Mitrovica, as well as determination of seroprevalence of infection by Toxoplasma gondii in prenatal screening of pregnant women and women of childbearing age. Materials and Methods: Across sectional study that included 49, pregnant women and women of childbearing age has been conducted. The pregnant women have been monitored on regularly base, or some women have been treated in the Gynecology and Obstetrics Department of the Health Center in Kosovska Mitrovica. Ages, place of residence, education, gynecological history and exposure to the potential risk factors associated with Toxoplasma have been collected by questionnaires. Sera have been tested on the presence of IgM and IgG antibodies to Toxoplasma gondi by ELISA standard manufacturer's protocol (Euroimmun, Luebeck, Germany). Results: Our study shows that 32 (65.3%) women were seronegative, while 17 women (34.7%) were seropositive. Significant seropositivity has been recorded for the women who were in contact with the ground (42.9%), compared to the women who did not have this contact (23.8%). Uses of undercooked meat in the diet did not show any effect to the seropositive status of the respondents, i.e. greater percentage of analyzed patients (75.5%) used inadequately cooked meat. Even 93.3% of respondents deny contact with a cat. It is observed that seropositivity increased with the age. Conclusion: Seroprevalence to Toxoplasma gondii infection of women of childbearing in the territory of northern Kosovska Mitrovica is not high, which implied that there is a higher possibility for acquiring primary toxoplasmosis infection during pregnancy especially for women who come in contact with the ground