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Volume 53, Issue 4, 2025
Online ISSN: 2560-3310
ISSN: 0350-8773
Volume 53 , Issue 4, (2025)
Published: 30.06.2025.
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Contents
01.12.2009.
Original scientific paper
MASSIVENESS OF A SICKNESS, A PATHOGENIC OF CONTAGIUM AND HENLE-KOCH POSTULATES
Total happening «en masse» is important to epidemiologist - and so it is «massive manifestation of natural system of the sickness» (PSB). Manifestation "en masse" of the natural system of parotitis N makes quantities of qualities N , N , B b N , N , N etc. a) «Causative connection» (UV) is the reason of sickness appearance. UV has its own causes of appearance, Z neB z and so the hierarchy of cause in the complex happening from subsystem. Nongenotopic or/and entropic causes of appearance of causative bonds (connections) as equilibrium connects and/or separates binary elements of causative bond (connection). Pathogenic of contagium exists virtually in happening «en masse» in pre pathogenesis, prior to forming «immanent UV». b) Realising conjunction between the subsystems makes appearance of «immanent causative connection». That is a moment from which comes to obligatory demonstration of pathogenic as inner cause of contagium and consequent getting sick. The author concludes that «natural work» is the cause by which UV appears. Natural work is outer cause of massiveness. Just by appearance of "immanent UV" the showing of contagium pathogenic in the subsystem of sickness. The pathogenic of contagium can be proved by artificial experiment and that way the Henle-Koch postulates can be satisfied, It happens that way that input disturbance unable to be shown. Finally, anyway natural happening should pass judgement on authenticity of the theory on natural happening.
G. Čukić
01.01.2007.
Original scientific paper
FROM THE OLD ONE TOWARDS THE NEW WITH VLADAN DJORDJEVIC, M. D.
Every time, even ours, has its own «driving forces, starters and breakers». Dr Vladan Djordjevic resided during the very noisy time during the second half of the nineteenth century, known for intensive changes in biology and medicine. Contemporaries noticed peculiar nature of Dr Vladan Djordjevic: clairvoyant, cleverness - «gave more, than many other simple professionals together». If even nowadays the way of how a man thinks is not known, that is logical structuralism and logical functionality of thinking, scholastic is wrong that such a «natural thinking», certainly, enters into cliché. The author applied nine-valence logic and systematic approach. The measures in eradication of diseases which, used to be applied nowadays would be called "general hygienic measures". They didn't have to be sufficiently effective, so the possibility of appearance for some sick stayed, because it would appear in natural system of appendage, few «causative connection», but noticeable less that earlier. The helth ones exposed can be used for prooving cause, which contemporary statistic doesn't use for this purpose. By this, even when we have not existing of statistic importance it points out at the cause; that is, the existence of this one can direct someone to wrong road. The difference in the value of the result of the same event points out at the researches not being orientated and by that cosmopolitan community. Palliative measures made the doctors confused, as it was perfectly noticed by V. Djordjevic - "...he wouldn't make a mistake to prove, how people get sick and die because they are better dressed, better feed, because all their life is better organised than it used to be", although the group progressed by its better working. Multy valence »logic of allowance” as a natural and objective one, used to exist before its observation by logic and science. The result is «clairvoyant and restless spirit» of the future academic Vladan Djordjevic D. M. what is even nowadays desirable. The author concludes that there is one road to discover something (anticipate) by adding importance to «statistic importance»; and the other one, chosen by Dr Vladan Djordjevic by your own ratio (intuition). Although the disease appeared even when the progress is made - he didn't allow: «not to see the whole forest because of one wood», and to underestimate the applied measures. He didn't allow to be deceived by appearing of disease, because the palliative of measurements covers the system: а. When you are not successful, but and b. Even when you are successful - and those have to be separated by contemplation and by no means unifies!
G. Čukić
01.12.2007.
Original scientific paper
«NATURAL HISTORY OF DISEASE» - ESPECIALLY: MASS MANIFESTATION OF NATURAL SYSTEM OF PAROTITIS
Prepathogenesis of mass occurrence of disease as a complex happening is hiding the “screen”. Social influence remained hidden inside school «25. may», which had as a consequence shown higher distribution of manifested disease. As the main point at performance of events is scientism based on “black box system”. There is uncritical trust in paradigm, statistic methodology there comes “parroting”. Sheltered by screen content of the events, between the enter of the first (sub)system and exit of the final (sub)system the most critical maintain “mixed approach”, with the aim to reveal into the real dynamics by “natural happening of mass disease”, into “driving force” that is causes of self moving - spontaneous genesis of epidemics: a) for mass effects of it is 'natural work' (appropriate according to another effect, with accidentally casual effect of helping of appearance of disease) which contributes coherence and consistence of contagion and man who can get disease - what will result with binary 'causative link'; while the following cause is important b) the appearance of disease: pathogenic of contagion will reflect only after previous appearance of permanent 'immanent causative link'. Reconstitution of epidemic is final act, recapitulation of familiar natural happening of concrete epidemic with anterograde chronology how the event itself happened.
G. Čukić
01.01.2006.
History of medicine
RELATIONS OF THEORY, STRATEGY AND TACTIC IN PREVENTIVE MEDICINE TYPHUS ENANTHEMATICUS IN SERBIA IN 1914/15 R
Synonym Louse borne typhus represents the connection between Typhus exanthematicus and body lousiness. The results of the experiment Nicolle 1909 definitely established that. It is not explored how well the fact that Typhus is transmitted by body lice was known by doctors who were the actors of events in Serbia in 1914/15 year. A number of them categorically stated that they weren't aware of the results of Nicolla's experiments. Those honest doctors accused themselves that the fact not knowing made that “people paid by several hundreds of heads”, it was concluded that “they didn't know the theory and practice of Typhus epidemiology”. They thought that the epidemic disease would have had another direction if that had known that fact. In 1914/1 Serbia was “Typhus land stomach, recurrent and mysterious and violent Typhus”. It was the place where hypothesis “that destroying lice could be adequate proceeding in repress epidemic of Typhus” could be checked. On the epidemic culmination there was no any act or mean for effective total massive destroying lice. Disinfestations were the hygiene measure until 1915 year, and that wasn't anti epidemic measure. The working aim is to show the paradoxes: of doctors' self-accusing and confirmation on existing of special measures against Typhus. Descriptive method. Inspection in: professional, historic, fictive, accounts of its travels reviewers and archive origin on Typhus in the First World War. In 1914/15 there was no special epidemiology of Typhus. There was no effective tactic mean for massive disinfestations. Until then, nobody was stopping epidemic of Typhus bys strategy of destroying lice and their eggs. They didn't completely trusted Nicolla because current authorities believed that Typhus could be transmitted also by droplets' way. In the actual moment of epidemic culmination, the public's opinion was that disinfestations would be successful. Self-accusing of national doctors appeared after the success of English military mission. Kujachitsh was writing about Nicolla's experiments and he was a participant in war in 1914/15 and so he didn't look for a disinfestations (depediculation) mean and he didn't also strictly expressed himself on lice importance. Hirschfield, Subotitsh were looking for a mean for massive disinfestations; according to the results, they weren't successful. Scientific theory of Nicolla, and its prompt review by Kujachitsh, might be the base for positive movements, but also for tendentious “inflaming imagination” - “what could be if…”. We'll support the opinion how (the most) rationally the success could be reached: 1) what was cumulatively hypothetic by proofs becomes cumulatively confirmed; 2) supporting better stages in reaching the truth. Further appearance of sick could be added to failure: a) of tactic solution; or/and b) a strategy; or/and even solidly proved c) start, experiment of Nicolla. Interdependence is maximal first not proved conditions that the following one is problematic. There were no intention to prove that “disinfestations was successful for eradication of Typhus”, and from that appeared the failure of chosen mean, organisation of proceeding and so on, it could influence valuation of strategic result, instead of having reliable knowing on disinfestations power as a motive for finding means. The fruit of the projection and emotions is a prejudice that Nikola's theories is self-sufficient in order to make epidemic resulted in significantly less number of victims from Typhus if that had been known because all of the rest would be just result; that Stammer's mean could be easy to find. All of this produced repentance and self-accusing a number of honest doctors and that was stressed further, and it was never put under consideration although it came only after final happening. Successful tactic solution was uncertain if it was going to be found at all. Ranges of tries were not successful (Subotitsh, Hirschfield and so on). Stammer's “Serbian barrel” was enough for stopping dangerous large epidemic scale. Hunter had a planned approach to eradicate Typhus by disinfestations (depediculation), he applied that new strategic measure in the whole territory of Serbia, in: the Army, national and displaced population, as well as among the prisoners. Mostly thanking to Nicolla, only after epidemic in Serbia in 1914/15 the adequate synonym to Typhus is “Lousy Typhus”. The special epidemiology of Typhus was not constituted until 1919, and so
the valuation of not knowing the theory and practice (of special epidemiology) of Typhus was not applicable to time in 1914/15. There are no guilty ones for death of Typhus in Serbia in 1915 among the doctors. Informing that lice transmit Typhus meant that in looking for disinfestations procedure “there was no more in obligation, but more in opportunity”. Success of Stammers classifies himself among the “unusual” ones. Success of English military mission with Hunter on the top, made that Golgotha exceeded into epopee. The typhus from then always used to lose its battle.
G. Čukić
01.01.2005.
Original scientific paper
NATURAL SYSTEM OF DISEASE GENESIS END RASHOMON
Natural system of disease genesis is a complex occurrence. «Net» review of cause can be based on systematic approach and it doesn't have to, and so those are homonyms. Complex occurrence of the genesis of a disease is given as a arranged set by relation «predecessor-follower». Chain reaction is that one which has hierarchic arrangement because of managing. By systematic approach the causality is being created.
G. Čukić, R. Šabotić
01.12.2004.
Case Reports
"HEVY DISEASE" IN METOHIA, KOSH
Acute louse born typhus is a nightmare to which our scientific medicine have provided significant importance.
Doctors in former Yugoslavia deem that the louse born typhus was rooted in Bosnia and Herzegovina from long time ago,
while in Serbia were individual cases without areas with pediculosis before the First World War, and there were no cases of
body pediculosis in villages. The author conducts medical, but also historical and linguistical research in order of collecting
data on louse borne typhus cases through information on causes of death written in death certificates. The research was done in more phases. The citizens were tested through questionnaires at the area of lower prevalence of louse borne typhus (only sero-positive cases); then at the area of higher prevalence (population through random sample). Contact with R. Prowazeki was established through sensitive serological method. In the final step, the popular name for typhus syndrome was checked - that is, if that name has been written into the death certificate. The objective of the research is to check if there were cases of louse borne typhus in the area of Metohia, and that was done through checking the death certificates. The author proves the endemics of the disease through explicit and implicit use of the name for the louse borne typhus during 1914 to 1935. This empirical check is the basis for the future researches of earlier endemic of louse borne typhus, this time through checking older documents from the used death certificates, which is kept in the archive of Serbia, town of Kotor, and other places.
G. Čukić