Hypoglycemia is defined asplasma glucose level sufficiently low to result in neurological damage. In the new-born age, the incidence of hypoglycemia ranges from 0.4-11.4%. Etiologically, low levels of plasma glucose can result from the hormonal or metabolic disorders; high doses of insulin, drug poisoning, liver disease or systemic disorders. The most common cause of severe and permanent hypoglycemia in the neonatal age group is congenital hyperinsulinism - the result of pancreatic cells hyperplasia and/or adenoma. Between two and five years of age, the most common form of hypoglycemic state is ketotic hypoglycemia of childhood, caused by limited amount of substrate. Diagnostic criteria include biochemical confirmation of low of glucose and/or high insulin levels, blood hormone testing (epinephrine, cortisol, growth hormone, glucagon levels), as well as metabolic screeningfor gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis, and lipolysis disorders and disarrangements of fatty acid oxidation. Therapy is directed towards the substrate supplementation and the application of medications and fuels aiming atrapid attainment of normoglycemia (fruit juices, parenterally applied glucose and dextrose, glucagone, corticosteroid therapy); diazoxide and somatostatin therapy is indicated for patients with hyperinsulinemia.

INTRODUCTION: Urinary tract infections are one of the most common infections in young children. Febrile conditions in young children, without specific clinical signs and symptoms are often the result of ITU. Usually later diagnosed and treated. The most common cause of ITU is Escherichia coli. The main problem in the treatment of ITU is increasing resistance to antibiotics. AIM: To point out all the frequent resistance to antibiotics and to compare the frequency of the experimental periods. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective study in the period of 2010-2015. Urine samples for microbiological examination were taken before switching on antibiotics. Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS software. RESULTS: In our study found 183 patients with a diagnosis of ITU. Somewhat higher percentage were present, patients were female. The highest resistance to ampicillin was found in our results in the time period is 5 years, found a drop resistance Amoxicilin and Amoksiklav. DISCUSSION: Our results showed a strong similarity with the works on the same theme, which is Escherichia coli, the most common cause of ITU in young children. ITU are represented within the female population. CONCLUSION: It is important to continuously monitor the representation of urinary tract infections as well as their sensitivity to antimicrobial drugs, because of the increasing presence of the bacterial resistance to existing antibiotics.

Febrile seizures are the most frequent neurological disorder in the childhood. According to American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), they have been defined as seizures provoked by high temperature in children aged between 6 months and 5 years, without previous history of afebrile seizures, intracranial infections and other possible causes of seizures. Seizures can be typical and atypical, according to the characteristics. Pathogenesis of this disorder has not been clarified yet, and it is believed to be a combination of genetic factors, high body temperature and brain maturation. The risk factors for recurrence of febrile seizures are: age in which seizures appeared for the first time, epilepsy in the first degree relative, febrile seizures in the first degree relative, frequent diseases with fever and low body temperature on the beginning of seizures. The frequency of recurrent seizures The risk for occurrence of epilepsy in children with simple seizures is about 1-1.5%, which is slightly higher compared to general population, while it increases to 4-15% in patients with complex seizures. However, there is no evidence that therapy prevents occurrence of epilepsy. When the prevention of recurrent seizures is considered, it is necessary to separate simple from complex seizures. The aim of this paper was to analyze the most important risk factors for febrile seizures, and to evaluate their impact on occurrence of recurrent seizures. Our study included 125 children with febrile seizures, aged from 6 months to 5 years. The presence of febrile seizures and epilepsy in the first degree relative has been noted in 22% of children. Typical febrile seizures were observed in 76% of cases, and atypical in 24%. Most patients had only one seizure (73.6%). Children, who had seizure earlier in life, had more frequent recurrences. Both risk factors were present in 25% of patients, while 68% of patients had only one risk factor. For the children with febrile disease, primary risk factors were the level of body temperature and a family history of febrile seizures. The risk for febrile seizures in these children was 10,4%, which is more than a twice as high compared to general population, which is 4%. Is between 10% in children without risk factors and 50-100% in children with three or more risk factors.